The review represents the analysis of data on physiotherapeutic methods of treatment that can be used in rehabilitation of children with long duration of frequent infections, children after acute intestinal diseases, children with chronic viral hepatitis, children with complications following some acute neuroinfections. Immune status disturbances play a valuable role in the development of chronic forms of infections in children. The possibility of immune problems correction by physical factors is underlined.

This review presents the definition, classification, characteristics of the pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria and description of clinical observations not known to general practitioners hemophagocytic syndrome, which may complicate the severity of acute respiratory viral infections: influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus infection, respiratory syncytial virus infection. This syndrome can occur in people without immune deficiency, and often leads to death.

In 1996–2009, the incidence of syphilis in the North-West region of Russia has declined and changed its structure. The frequency of neurosyphilis and latent forms increased, especially of late and unspecified latent syphilis. Differences in the structure of syphilis between the Leningrad region and St. Petersburg have been identified, which consisted in the reduction of primary syphilis and an increase in early latent syphilis in comparison with the city.

The comparative analysis of results of complex clinic-laboratory examination of 156 children at the age from 1 мес till 14 years, with a salmonellosis (n=39) and a salmonellosis, associated with a lambliasis (n=117), which were in intestinal infections clinic the Research Institute of Children Infections (Saint-Petersburg) to the period with 2008 on 2010 are presented in the article. It is established that the basic originators admixed salmonella-lambliosis infections at children till 3th years are Salmonella of group B, at children is more senior 3th years – Salmonella of group D (Salmonella enteritidis). Leading diagnostic criteria for statement of the early etiological diagnosis admixed salmonella-lambliosis infections at children are defined. The received results confirm that salmonellosis infection, mixt with a lambliosis, at children is the admixed form of the infection caused by two originators (salmonella and lamblia), and is defined by their quantitative parity in an ecological niche, character of mutual relations, in particular, adhesive activity of salmonella in relation to cysts of lamblia, and also clinico-anamnestic and clinico-laboratory features.

Defined and studied the signs that characterize he severity of leptospirosis. Specified clinical and laboratory parameters determined in patients in the initial stage of the disease. Showed signs that, despite its  on-specific, represent a high predictive value. On this basis, perhaps moreaccurately predict the severity of the disease and, therefore, choose a more effective drug therapy in early and remote period of the disease, thereby providing medical assistance to more efficiently and effectively. Marked the most significant features to determine the severity of leptospirosis in the prehospital and emergency department, as well as in the department of infectious hospital for 1–2 day stay, the patient. The possibilities of development and use of multivariate mathematical-statistical models to predict the severity of disease variants at the initial examination the patient’s physician.

The article is devoted to the investigation of inner neutrophil metabolism among patients with chronic herpes infection. For the investigation the nitroblue tetrazole restoration test (NST-test) was used. NST-test enables to etermine the leukocyte readiness to phagocytosis, to detect enzymatic defects of cellular immunity. As the result of the investigation among patients with chronic herpes infection the increase of NST-test indices with maximum magnitude at the high point of diseases, reduction in die period of clinical signs and return to normal feature in the period of late deconvolution was ascertained. The degree of NST-test activity depended on severity of illness, the more severe the illness the higher was the NST-test activity.

Patients with chronic virus hepatitis (32 patients, 13 with chronic hepatitis B and 19 with chronic hepatitis C) ages from 20 to 72 with elevated levels of bilirubin and active alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma- glutamyl transpeptidase, received ursodeoxycholic acid (Urdoxa) over the course of 12 weeks. During therapy alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels decreased. Urdoxa demonstrated good tolerance, efficacy and no visible side effects. Thus, Urdoxa could be used in treatment of chronic viral hepatitis with cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes.

The article represents a study of the prevalence of herpesvirus infection markers at different kidney diseases in children. High prevalence of markers of Epstein-Barr virus infection activity in children with acute and chronic glomerulonephritis was detected; acute pyelonephritis in each third child occurs against the background of primary herpes simplex virus-1,2 infections; for children with acute pyelonephritis and acute tubulointerstitial nephritis a high detection rate (>73,5%) of anti-CMV IgG, CMV-viruria (>50%), markers of acute or active CMV infection (in 1/3 – 1/4 of children) are characteristic; at chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis and glomerulonephritis a high prevalence of markers of herpes virus 6 infection activity was observed; children with different forms of acute and chronic renal pathology demonstrate high frequency of EBV, CMV, herpesvirus-6-viruria (1/3 –of patients).

Treatment of acute hepatitis C remains one of the main problems of modern hepatology. There are many variants of treatment, but there is no common opinion about scheme and time of onset of the therapy. From the other hand, early treatment can prevent chronisation in more than 70% of cases. Specific therapy was used 135 patients with acute hepatitis C aged from 16 to 52 years (26,5+0,7 years). Our analysis has shown, that its better to start specific therapy on the second month of the disease with -interferon monotherapy by induction scheme.

In order to evaluate contribution of the viral agents into the etiological structure of acute intestinal infection in children during the period of increase in morbidity rate due to intestinal infections from January 2009 to January 2010 there were studied 753 children with diarrheal diseases. It was shown that the diarrheal diseases have viral nature in 52,0% of cases. The Rotaviruses and adenoviruses play the leading role. The infectious agents of diarrheal diseases are presented by rotaviruses in 24,0% of cases, adenoviruses – in 19,1% of cases, astroviruses – in 8,9% of cases. The rising of sporadic morbidity with viral diarrhea was characterized by seasonality and depended on the age of children. On the basis of results of investigation for early diagnosis of viral diarrhea the introduction of the current methods of laboratory diagnosis, PCR into the work of the institutions of practical medicine may be recommended.

The formation of the new military units in the North fleet is accompanied by vaccination using Exhausted diphtheria tetanus vaccine, modified. The accination coincides with periods of a rising number of army conscripts being taken ill with community-acquired infection of respiratory tracts: acute tonsillitis, acute bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia. We need to study is to ascertain whether there is the correlation between the periods of the increase in the number of ervicemen fallen ill with community-acquired infection of respiratory tracts and the diphtheria and tetanus vaccination. The study was carried out on the North fleet conscripts who were drawn blood samples from the ulnar vein before and after the vaccination using Exhausted diphtheria tetanus vaccine, modified. The blood was examined for the presence of antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus using direct hemagglutination test. The health status of the vaccinated conscripts was under observation for 4 months, during which acute illnesses (acute tonsillitis, acute bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia) were registered. Serologic testing demonstrated a high rate of immunological protection against diphtheria and tetanus before vaccination. After the diphtheria and tetanus vaccination, the number of conscripts, who were taken ill in the first month, was significantly higher compared to the following months. The conscripts, who fell ill, had high antibody titers against diphtheria and tetanus in the vaccine-challenged period. 
Vaccination of the servicemen using Exhausted diphtheria tetanus vaccine, modified, is serologically unfounded; it leads to complications such as acute tonsillitis, acute bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia during the vaccinechallenged period especially during the first month and less considerably during the following months.

The results of retrospective analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) incidence in the Perm region for 1995–2009 are shown in the article. There are highly active natural foci of infection on the territory of the region, mainly in the subzone of mixed coniferous-deciduous forests. Factors supporting the morbidity are high numbers of small mammals, in particular, the bank vole, with a large circulation of the HFRS virus and active population visit of natural foci in summer-autumn period. Analysis of clinical features of HFRS in 338 patients living in the Perm region, revealed some peculiarities of its course. Among surveyed contingent men (72,4%) prevailed. Most of the patients (80,4%) were of working age (16 to 60 years). More frequently mild and moderate forms (92,8%) of HFRS were observed. A typical picture of the disease with the development of all specific syndromes occurred mainly in patients with severe and moderate forms. Mild cases occurred blurry in the absence of pathognomonic symptoms. Notable was the frequent lesion of liver, with the development of acute anicteric hepatitis (51,2%). Among the complications dominated: pneumonia (4,7%) and acute renal  ailure (4,4%). Manifestations of DIC syndrome with recurrent bleeding were registered in 0,6% of patients, toxic shock – at 0,3%. Case fatality rate was 0,6%.

In recent years, examines the role of viral infection in the development of IgA-nephropathy. In our study, an analysis of renal biopsy tissue from 17 patients IgA-nephropathy in the presence of adenoviral antigen. Shown the presence of adenovirus infection in kidney tissue in patients with IgA-nephropathy, regardless of age: 52% of patients 60 years and 33% of patients older than 60 years. Revealed that the presence of adenovirus in the glomerular zone of influence on the severity of global sclerosis in both age groups (p <0.05) and in patients younger than 60 years the presence of adenovirus in the interstitium correlated with the severity of degeneration of the epithelium of tubules (p = 0.014). It also shows that the presence of adenovirus in the interstitium correlated with cell phenotype CD19 / λ (p = 0,004) and CD19 / κ (p = 0,002), intenstivnostyu expression of IL-10 (p = 0,029) and membranoatakuyuschego complex S5b-C9 (p = 0.011) in the glomerular zone in patients younger than 60 years. In patients older than 60 years, the influence of adenoviral infection of renal tissue to a local immune response have been identified. Based on these results, it is concluded that the presence of adenovirus infection in the kidney plays a role in the pathogenesis of IgA-nephropathy

The efficiency of using Imunophan, Milgamma, Vitrum-antioxidant in a multimodality therapy during a recovery period for patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome has been studied. Statistically-valid the given therapy leads to the decrease of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10 level, the increase of INF-γ и IL-2 levels, improves cellular immunity 
and increases an induction index and working balance of phagocytes. Stabilization of vitamin status was exposed with patients suffering from a middle form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and significant improvement of a vitamin ratio with patients suffering from a bad form of HFRS. Positive influence on phylaxis , vitamin status, an essential
microelement level leads to a clinical improvement of disease state.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the structure of gastroduodenal disorders, virulent feathers of Helicobacter pylori (HP) strains and efficacy of eradication therapy in children of the North Ossetia (Alania). 1265 children from 4 till 18 years old were examined, НР was found in 84%. 53% of HP(+) atients had erosions and ulcers of the stomach and duodenum. Strains, resistant to clarithromycin, were revealed in 13% of the patients. We have estimated efficacy of 4 regimes of eradication therapy. Regimes, that included clarithromycin and metronidazole, had the lowest efficacy the worst compliance. The best results were observed in triple therapy, including PPI, amoxicillin and bismuth, and quadrotherapy with PPI amoxicillin, bismuth and nifuratel. The duration of therapy should not be shorter than 10 days.

Laboratory and morphological characteristicsof chronic hepatitis C in patients with metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance had been evaluated. The study included 115 patients with chronic hepatitis C with compensated and subcompensated liver functions. Metabolic syndrome had been diagnosed in 13,0%, abdominal obesity – in 46,1%, reduction of high density lipoprotein cholesterol – in 51,3%, increase in blood pressure – in 22,6%, high triglycerides – in 8,8% and insulin resistance – in 28,7% of patients. Biochemical activity of chronic hepatitis C was found to be higher in patients with metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity and insulin resistance than in patients without clinical or laboratory signs of carbohydrate and fat metabolism disturbances. Abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, reduced high density ipoprotein cholesterol, high triglycerides were detected in severe liver
fibrosis more frequently than in early stages of the disease. Results of the study allowed us to estimate the influence of the carbohydrate-lipid metabolism disorders on the activity and the stage of chronic hepatitis C.

It was examined 40 patients with atopic dermatitis in various stages of the clinical course of dermatosis. It has revealed typical endoscopic changes of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with atopic dermatitis in quiescent and acute stages. It has studied the cellular composition of infiltrates and histomorphology of mucous coat of stomach and distal part of sigmoid colon. It has found the generic dysbiotic malfunctions of intestinal microflora in different periods of the clinical course of dermatosis. It is suggested an assumption about the relations between morphological changes of mucous coat of stomach and distal part of sigmoid colon in patients with atopic dermatitis with symtomatic dysbiotic disorders of the intestine and the severity of skin lesions in atopic dermatitis.

In order to study the effect of combination antiviral therapy for hemoglobin and red blood cells in patients with chronic hepatitis C were estimated absolute numbers of red blood parameters. To determine the relation between the content of red blood cells and hemoglobin at different stages of antiviral therapy with the initial clinical and laboratory  parameters (gender, age, body mass index, genotype, level 
of viremia, ALT, fibrosis), as well as the results of combined antiviral therapy. Established that the decrease in hemoglobin levels were observed more frequently than the decline in the number of erythrocytes (63,6% and 21,1% respectively). In addition, anemia that occurred during treatment of HCV patients with pegylated interferon-α, directly correlated with the rate of sustained virological response. The study established prognostic criteria, indicating the possible development of anemia in the background of anti-viral therapy: the female sex, BMI <20 kg/m2, 1 genotype of HCV.