The revue includes the contemporary information about regulatory T cells (Treg), that regulate the inflammatory responses and adaptive immune response in defense against infection. The different populations of Treg are described, their activation mechanisms, and the mechanisms of influencing target cells. The double role of Treg in infection pathogenesis is emphasized.

This review is about analysis of data possible role of the infectious factor in development open-angle glaucoma. The obstruction of ways of outflow  s an important role in increase of intraocular pressure. The reason can be various infectious agents, including Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and B.fragilis. There were separate publications during last years, which are devoted to studying a role of proinflammatory cytotoxicants, they show the role of the inflammatory factor in pathogenesis of glaucomatical process. In the literary data we can see role of infections which are show communication between ontamination of bacteriumНelicobacter pylori and glaucoma development. There is data that patients with open-angle glaucoma in 63% have high level of shooting galleries of antibodies IgG in blood to C. pneumoniae. It is connected with infringement of optic disc food as a result of influence C. pneumoniae on its vascular system.

The paper summarizes the published data on clinical nutrition, including infectious diseases. The variant of diets on Pevzner into line with the standard diet used in the treatment of infectious patients. A brief description of artificial nutritional therapy in the treatment of patients with various infectious diseases. Particular importance is given to scientific substantiation of nutritional therapy in the treatment, rehabilitation of infectious patients. The correct choice of clinical nutrition contributes to the normalization of the lost functions and the speedy restoration of the human body after infection.

O-antigenes of H. рylori have been revealed аt patients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) (57,7%), more often at patients with a cholestasis, than without cholestasis (in feces – 48,6% and 35,4%, in CIC – 14,8% and 4,5%, accord., and VacA (43,5%) and a high-molecular fibers complex (70,6%). In aggregate with high indicators of LII and smaller linkage of toxins in the CIC in cholestasis, this data testifies to important pathogenetic role of H. рylori in development of cholestasis, induced by an inflammation.

With the aim of an evaluation of the prevalence of non-AIDS-defining illnesses and causes of death in HIVinfected patients 111 medical records of subjects admitted to the specialized hospitals in St. Petersburg in 2001–2008,were analyzed retrospectively. The most frequent non-AIDSdefining illnesses in HIV-infected patients in the era of the absence of the systematical antiretroviral therapy are gastrointestinal diseases. HIV-infected patients mostly die from generalized tuberculosis and chronic viral hepatitis at the End-Stage liver cirrhosis. To properly evaluate the preavalnce of Non-HIV-related diseases and causes of death in HIV-infected people in St. Petersburg and Leningrad region we need to conduct prospective cohort study in comparison with general population.

Last 25 years in the country established sporadic diphtheria morbidity (less than 0.1 per 100 000 people). In this situation, the attention of medical specialists pre-hospital and hospital health care system is reduced, especially for diseases with a rare localization of pathological process. Mentioned circumstances contribute to delayed diagnosis and treatment of his patients, the major cause of complicated infection, often its unfavorable outcome and a factor of the epidemic of trouble for the infection. The authors present material evidence that the rare forms of diphtheria in the period of sporadic disease in much the same as in the epidemic, and describe the clinical manifestations and course of diphtheria of the nose, eyes, throat, genitals, mouth and gastrointestinal tract in modern conditions.

On the basis of the studying of clinical and laboratory sings of 150 cases of bacterial meningitis (BM) with the use of various statistical methods, including multivariate logistical regression analysis, the early prognostic criteria of the maximum risk and the relation of chances of the maximum risk of an acyclic (severe, complicated, including lethal) variant of a diseases were estimated. These criteria are: age of the patient ≥ 55 years, late hospitalisation (≥3 days of disease), the expressed disturbances of consciousness (coma), episodes of generalized cramps in acute period, presence of “focal” neurologic sings, also the CSF protein level ≥2,7 g/l, and also factor size «a glucose of CSF/glucose of serum» <0,2 at primary (diagnostic) Lp. Using of an offered logistical regression models allows to prognosticate an aciclic variant of BM with efficiency of 92 %, at specificity of 90,6 % and sensitivity of 93 % in some hours after getting to the hospital.

Delivery of originators of infectious and parasitic illnesses on new territories can pass by means of mosquitoes which in modern conditions extend quickly. Getting on new territories they take roots and provide transfer of this or that originator. Or they provide initial case rate, and then viruses start to circulate among mosquitoes – natural representatives of local fauna. As it was with virus Denge delivered to Greece with mosquitoes Aedes aegypti. This kind of a mosquito by 1950 has been destroyed at the Black Sea coast of Caucasus. In the beginning of 21 centuries this kind again began to be found out in earlier free territories. Occurrence after 50-years absence of an effective carrier in the south of Russia is serious biological threat to epidemic well-being of the country in case of delivery of originators arbovirus infections.

Diagnostics of parasitic diseases in many medical laboratories is carried out with a bad quality. Principal causes are the low level of qualification of laboratorians and a small amount of laboratory methods which are used. The majority of practising doctors has bad knowledge about diseases. All this serves as base for occurrence in the market of medical services of various pseudoscientific methods of diagnostics of parasitic diseases, such as Voll-method and its analogues, including a method of bioresonant diagnostics, scanning of the crushed drop of blood, including a dark field method, diagnostics on pulse, detection of toxins of parasites in salivaric crystal amilase and others. These methods cannot be scientific to be the methods of demonstrative medicine often lead to development of parasitic phobias of patients.

In the article described stages of formation and different lines of activity of the chair of infectious diseases in children of faculty of professional skill improvement and professional retraining of the St-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical Academy during 20 years. Personal data of employees of the chair and their scientific interests are presented.