The review examines the contemporary knowledge about immune protection mechanisms with Salmonella infection, and Salmonella ability to struggle against these mechanisms. Principal emphasis was made on
cytokine system reactions of innate and adaptive immunity, described in experimental and clinical researches.

In the review is presented evolution of sights on treatment of patients with chronic hepatitises since 70-th years of XX century to the present days. Stages of development of therapy sick of chronic hepatitises В, С and D are consistently characterised. The basic emphasis is made on a
current state of a problem and the prospects opening before researchers. Algorithms of treatment of patients with chronic
hepatitises are presented.

There was conducted a survey among 65 children aged from 1 year to 17 with varicella encephalitis. There was determined predominance of cerebellar forms of the disease, in 93,9%, that is characterized by the development of the light pyramidal disorders on the contrast to the cerebral that is characterized by the development of convulsivecomatose syndrome. It was determined that the disease is distinguished by the rareness of the detected changes on the MRI, 12,3% only. It was detected that the changes of the evoked potentials could be seen among all the patients and are characterized by the predominance demyelinating changes of the brainstem structures when having a cerebellar form and neuronal disorders of the cerebral hemisphere when having a cerebral form. The outcome of the cerebellar form is recovery in 100% of cases, and in cerebral – the development of epilepsy was detected in 50% and death in 25%.

Prevention of rotavirus infection in adults, especially in organized groups, remains an unresolved problem. That was the basis for use as a prophylactic agent in the organized collectives, where there is an emergence of rotavirus infection, an antiviral drug domestically Arbidol. In an open comparative study involved 500 men aged 18 to 22 years. Along with the general anti-epidemic measures for the prevention of acute intestinal infections in the experimental group (300 people) used Arbidol (0,2 g 1 per day for 10 days). Group comparisons were 200 people. The observation was carried out within 3 months after the prophylactic course. As a result, in the group treated Arbidol, the incidence of rotavirus infection was significantly lower (p <0,001) than in the comparison group. When comparing the data obtained for patients with acute intestinal unknown etiology indicates that in the experimental group the number of cases was significantly lower (p <0,001) than in controls. Thus, the use Arbidol in conjunction with organizational control measures can reduce the incidence of rotavirus infection.

Abscess of the spleen refers to an unusual complication of typhoid fever. Clinical and pathomorphological observation of cases of this complication are few and mainly relate to the regions with the epidemic spread of typhoid fever. Up to the present time there is no single point of view on the pathogenesis of this condition. Experience in diagnosis and treatment of such complication in young man is presented in this article. The diagnostic algorithm included the use of ultrasound diagnostics, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical and morphological interpretation of this complication, considered it as a rupture of a cavity in the spleen, was performed on the basis of the detailed histological examination. The cause of the complication was a congenital dysplastic abnormality – angioma of the spleen.

In issue the experience of treatment in 67 patients with the prior liver cancer is presented. The hepatocellular cancer was diagnosed in 62 cases (92,5%), cholangiocellular cancer in the rest 5 patients. Viral hepatitis B was evaluated in 28 cases, viral hepatitis C in 19. Surgical treatment was performed in 34, in 22 resection of liver was carried out in cases with chronical viral hepatitis and cirrhosis. 16 (47,1%) patients had complications in postoperative period, hepatocellular insufficiency developed more often in patients with viral lesions. Postoperative mortality was in 17,6%. The 5-year survival was 47±7,2%. 49,3% patients got regional chemotherapy – chemoembolization or chemoinfusion in hepatic artery. Mediana was 19,4 and 10,2 months, consequently. So, patients with viral hepatitis and cirrhosis have more complications in postoperative period after liver resections. Surgical approach needs very careful evaluation of cancer dissemination and liver dysfunction in this category of patients.

Present material of problem question therapy chronic trichomoniasis. Study clinical and bacteriological effectiveness basic etiotropic preparation and their combination, used in treatment patients trichomoniasis. Found that the combined application antiprotozoal drugs have a more pronounced effect on kills T. vaginalis and shortens the rehabilitation of the patient.

Fifty five Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with reduced susceptibility to penicillin, obtained from patients with respiratory tract infections during 2003 –2007, were analyzed by MLST. Ten isolates were identified by MLST as Streptococcus «viridians» group. Among the remaining isolates 33,3% (n=15) belonged to global clonal complex CC81 and demonstrated reduced susceptibility to macrolides, tetracyclynes and chloramphenicol, three isolates were additionally resistant to levofloxacin. Clonal complex CC271 was represented by 5 isolated (11,1%), CC315 – by 4 (8,9%), CC315 – by 3 (6,7%), CC156, CC280 and CC1012 were represented by 2 (4,4%) isolates each. Isolates of clonal complexes 271 and 315 demonstrated high level of associated resistance to macrolides. Twelve clonal complexes were represented by single isolates. More than 50% of isolates with reduced susceptibility to penicillin belonged to three global clonal complexes. Probably these clonal complexes were imported to Russia from other geographical regions.

Entecavir is a potent and selective guanosine analogue that has demonstrated a significant antiviral efficacy against hepatitis B virus. The purpose of this article was to characterize the response to entecavir and it portability. METHODS: We administered 0.5 mg of entecavir once daily for 52 weeks to 20 naive chronic hepatitis B patients. We measured the levels of liver enzymes, serological markers, and serum HBV DNA at 12-weeks, 24-weeks and 52-weeks. RESULTS: Normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase levels (normal range: woman <31 IU/mL , men <40 IU/mL) was observed in 90% (18/20), 85% (17/20), and 85% (17/20) of patients after 12, 24 and 52 weeks of therapy. HBV DNA levels of <300 copies/mL (as evaluated by polymerase chain reaction) were observed in 95%, 95% and 95% of patients after 12, 24 and 52 weeks. Viral breakthrough was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Entecavir induced excellent biochemical and virologic responses in chronic hepatitis B patients.