In the conditions of large city the anthropogenic hearths of sporadic and mass diseases, related to influence of ecosystem of buildings of dwelling and production activity of man are formed. Concept about anthropogenic-hearth illnesses can serve as the effective instrument of their prophylaxis.

The overview presents the data on the cardiovascular system (CVS) conditions adherent to cases with different forms and variants of HBV-infection. The main mechanisms responsible for CVS functional and organic disturbances in cases with acute and chronic hepatitis B have been characterized. The highlighted is the vascular lesion role in the forming of the disease extrahepatic signs. The results of the researches dedicated to reveal the association of HBV-infection with the development of myocarditis, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases have been discussed.

Recent data is presented on morbidity of urogenital trichomoniasis in Russia. Description of features of clinical diagnostics is presented and the often used laboratory methods of diagnostics are analysed: microscopic, cultural, immunological and molecular-genetic methods.

In the present work the data of comparative studying the cytokine status (serum concentration and spontaneous production IL-4, IFN-g, TNF-a) at HIV-infected and HIV-non infected persons with the active for the first time revealed tuberculosis, and also an establishment of possible interrelation between these parameters and amount of virus loading, level CD4+T-cell in blood of HIV- infecte patients from TB (group HIV/TB). In process of progressing associated HIV/ТВ infections and development of heavier forms of TB the increase serum content IFN-g and TNF-a testifying about displacement of balance aside increases proinflammatory cytokines on a background of decrease in number CD4+T-cell, increase of virus loading of a HIV is marked. The received results testify about immunosupreses with an exhaustion of functional reserves mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood aggravated in process of progressing of disease, being one of pathogenetic mechanisms of formation of secondary diseases, both virus, and the bacterial nature.

Clinical manifestations, dynamics of biochemical and immunologic characteristics, serologic markers were studied in 91 immunocompetent patients with acute acquired toxoplasmosis. It was shown for the first time that the initial stage of acute acquired toxoplasmosis is characterized by dominating of Th-1 type of immune response, followed by develop and progress of Th-2 type. Also the second wave of specific antibodies Ig M synthesis in non-pregnant acute toxoplasmic patients was detected for the first time.

168 pregnant women suspected to be infected with syphilis were observed within this research. To prove the presence of antibody in whey blood to antigenes Treponema pallidum we used sets recomBlot Treponema IgM and recomBlot Treponema IgG («Microgen», Germany). In immunological observations the following indexes were included defining number of lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+ -, CD4+ -, CD8+ -, CD16+ – , CD19+ и CD25+ – lymphocyte) and level in blood serum Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-2, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-8 и INF-γ. Treponema tests in 100% of cases showed positive results, regardless of patients’ category. An examination of pregnant women with serum resistance the immunobloting sensitivity for detecting IgG-antibodies was 61,6%. In 38,4% of cases bloting showed uncertain results, because it detected antibodies to only one or two out of 5 treponemnyh antigens. Level of INF-γ for pregnant women with serum resistance increases, this reflects predominance of immune regulation of Th-1 type. Based on the results we offer general scheme of dealing with pregnant patients with suspected syphilis. These results can be used for differential diagnosis of latent syphilis, and serum resistance.

Group carried out epidemiological investigation of the incidence of acute intestinal infections of unknown etiology. Analysis of long-term dynamics of the incidence of acute enteric infections, the population of the city of Rybinsk in 2002 – 2006 he was shown on the epidemiological significance of these infections on the analyzed area. Specific factors of transmission of enteric pathogens on the basis of analysis of existing materials have not been established, but the analysis of risk factors can be said about the dominance of food factor in the transmission of the epidemic process of acute intestinal infections. In order to identify the etiology of acute intestinal infections should be more widely applied in practice techniques for the detection of viral agents in epidemiological investigations.

The article deals with the data, which manifests the increasing part of vaccinated children and children older, then 7 years, among the hospital patients with whooping cough in Saint-Petersburg during 1990-2006 yy. The researchers have described the dynamics of dominating serotype changes among the hospital patients from 1.2.3. between 1990-2000 up to 1.0.3. between 2002-2006 and molecular-genetic characteristics of 13 strains of B. рertussis. Analysis of the clinical picture of the disease among 138 children, producing strains of B. рertussis of serotypes 1.2.3. and 1.2.0. (93 children) or strains of B. рertussis of serotypes 1.0.3. (45 children) showed that biological strains mutability of B. рertussis causes changes in severity and clinical course of рertussis infection, without effecting the clinical picture of the disease. Strains of B. рertussis of serotypes 1.0.3., IVb EFPP-group (during electrophoresis in pulsating gel), pertussis toxin A, pertactin 2 are associated with less severe illness forms (by 2,5 times), as well as specific complications (breath-holding and pertussis encephalopathy).

Analysis of holding rehydration therapy in acute intestinal infections in both civilian and military care facilities showed that the civilian centers of this type of therapy was appointed by 84,5% of patients, and in the military – 50,16%. The average duration of oral rehydration therapy was 4,0 days at the easy degree of weight, at middle – 5,3 and at a heavy flow – 5,7 days. On average, in easy degree of weight, patients received 1423.7 ml of liquid, at middle – 1092.6 ml at and a heavy flow - 1652.2 ml. Value for patients receiving only oral rehydration solution to patients who received only the infusion therapy and to receive both types of therapy was 1: 6,8: 2,4. Officinal drugs accounted for 62% of all appointments, often used Rehydron (47,7%) and ORS (16,5%).

We anylised results of elastography of 77 patients with chronic liver diffus lesions including: viruses hepatitis B, C, D – 50, autoimmune – 16, metabolic disease – 6, neonatal hepatities – 5 persons. Fibrosis stage was assessed on METAVIR scail. For patients with viruses hepatitis B, C with an averege duration of disease 9,8±0,7 years, a minimum fibrosis stage (F0-1) and low cytolytic activity were indicated. Patients with viruses hepatitis D were characterised by F2 fibrosis stage at the level of hyperenzemia to 4-5 rate, and history of the disease – 10,3±1,8 years. Patients with metabolic liver damage showed signs of modarate fibrosis at 10,3±1,8 years. Heavy fibrosis was marked in autoimmune hepatitis with duration of disease 5 years and indicators of ALT to 3 rate. Neonatal hepatities were characterised by the highest level of cytolysis and by development of fibrosis in 80% of cases with 0,9+0,3 year history of the disease.

This article is about analyses of diagnostics and treatment of the modern typhoid fever. In the past typhoid fever was critical and lifethreatening inflectional disease. But nowadays thanks to using of chloramphenicol and other antimicrobial preparations, typhoid fever is serious but well curable disease. In the second part of the 20th century the number of typhoid fever cases has decreased. As a result a new generation of physicians, who has never come across this disease, appeared. Nowadays typhoid fever is still actual for practical public health in Russia. There are two causes: first, there is a risk of delivery of infections with tourists and immigrants. Second, the small number of physicians, who possess well knowledge of clinical features and modern therapy.

Supervision over 200 children in the age of 18–42 months (64 healthy and 136 with allergic displays, defeats CNS, often ill, and also having in the anamnesis of reaction to previous introduction DTP or Infanriks), revaccination with Pentaxim. It is shown, that 77% from them had asymptomatic current, only in 1,5% of cases strong reactions with temperature above 38,6°С were observed. Local reactions were marked at 25,5%, essentially more often at children with an allergy, defeat CNS and often ill, than at healthy (7,8%), but did not one child was not adverse events. The estimation safety vaccines Pentaxim confirms expediency of application as 1 revaccination against perussis, diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis and unitary vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type B in children are more senior than year with a various state of health.