On the basis of unity of initiation mechanisms of pathological changes in the organism is presented a system view at development of intoxication syndrome as an influence of key pathogenic factors of agents and as a complex cascade of pathophysiological, biochemical, structural, functional and others reactions of biological system.

This article presents the author’s own experience of medical care rendered to the infective patients of the limited contingent of the Soviet troops in Afghanistan is generalized (1979 – 1989). According to factual evidence it is clear that during different periods of time, the percentage of the infective patients averages till 45,2 up to 67, 8% from the general number of the sanitary detachments. The most actual illnesses were typhoid fever, amebiasis, viral hepatitis, malaria and mixt-infections. In the article also covered the main steps of the formation and organization of the hospital base for the infective patients. Special attention is paid to the emergency aid implementation during so-called pre-admission period, realization of the medical grading and prevention of the intensive therapy in the hospitals.  

Thearticlereviewsthemajorup-to-dateproblemsconcerning certain aspect of infections diseases treatment in children. Droplet infections, acute gastrointestinal infections, neuroinfections, viral herpes infections and viral hepatitis in children are fully characterized and described in detail. In addition, we give an outline of the ways and attitudes enabling to reduce the incidence and improve the outcomes.

In the present study factors of immune system in peripheral blood (PB) of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHС) with the different degree of fibrosis were determined. Patients with CHC have been divided into groups, according to the stages of disease: weak fibrosis F1 (n=32), moderate fibrosis F2 (n=22), heavy fibrosis F3 (n=19) and cirrhosis of liver F4 (n=13). The following subpopulations of T-lymphocytes have been investigated: CD3⁺CD4⁺, CD3⁺CD8⁺, CD3⁺CD16+56⁺, CD3⁺CD25⁺, CD3⁺HLA-DR⁺, CD3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺, CD3⁺CD8⁺CD25⁺, CD3⁺CD4⁺HLA-DR+, CD3⁺CD8⁺HLA-DR⁺, CD3⁺CD95⁺. Besides, the subpopulations of В-cells (CD19⁺, CD3^CD25⁺, CD19⁺CD95⁺), Ig A, IgM, IgG, highly-, medial-, low-molecular circulating immune complexes (CIC), cytokines Th1 (IFN-γ),Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) types, as well as proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β were defined. This research showed that the patient with the high degree of fibrosis have the increased quantity NKT (CD3⁺CD16+56⁺) and total count of activated T-cells HLA-DR (CD3⁺HLA-DR⁺) and the tendency for growing percentages of activated cytotoxic T-cells (CD8⁺CD25⁺ and CD8⁺HLA-DR⁺), which reflects the evolution of autoimmune reactions as the disease continues.These results have shown that in the higher stages of fibrosis the patients with CHC increased activity of T-cells immunity and constant antigen-specific or non-specific stimulation of T-lymphocytes may play a significant role in pathogenesis of CHC.With the increase of the fibrosis degree in patient with CHС, levels of IgA, IgG, medium-, low-molecular CIC, cytokines IFN-γ, IL-10 were increasing and the quantity of activated B-cells (CD3^–CD25⁺) were decreasing. The research shows the domination of the B-cells response while the function of B-lymphocytes are injured and also are observed Th1/Th2 disbalance at all stages of disease. Besides, the direct correlation between CD95-antigen (Fas/APO-1) and activated CD3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺, CD3⁺CD8⁺CD25⁺, CD3^CD25⁺ subsets of lymphocytes was found. The established changes of the factors of the immune system can be used as the prognostic criteria of CHC. 

Purpose of the present research studying dynamics of the parameters describing a metabolism of iron at chronic hepatitis С patients on a combined antiviral therapy peg-interferon-2а and ribavirin. Has served 50 patients chronic hepatitis C (anti-HCV “+”, РНК HCV “+”, 1b genotype) in the age from 18 till 59 years, on the average 33±1,5years, at various stages of disease and stages of monitoring antiviral treatments. To patients the parameters describing a metabolism of iron (serum iron, transferrin, ferritin, haptoglobin, ceruplasmin, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation by iron were defined. The sustain virology response (SVR) was estimated - definition RNA HCV in half a year after end of treatment (72 week). It was carried out liver biopsy with the subsequent estimation of a degree of inflammatory activity and fibrosis on system METAVIR. Therapy peg-interferon-2а and ribavirin was accompanied by decrease serum iron, transferrin, ferritin, ceruplasmin, haptoglobin, transferrin saturation by iron irrespective of the answer to treatment. Thus, SVR directly correlated with higher level of iron and ceruplasmin of blood before therapy, on its background and during supervision. Normalization of biochemical activity chronic hepatitis C and positive morphological dynamics correspond with the parameters describing changes in a metabolism of iron at its patients, possibly, were compensatory-adaptive and to some extent endogen antiviral reaction of an organism of the person on HCV - infection. 

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is widespread infectious implication in immunodeficient patients, characterized by severe clinical manifestations and high mortality. This article presents the first case of pharmacoeconomical analysis of Voriconasole in treatment of IA compared with alternative therapies in Russia. Using mathematic modeling methods, we evalued total costs (including costs of IA treatment), clinical effectiveness and IA-related mortality in each therapy group. Obtained results showed the dominating of Voriconasole because of its high effectiveness and lower costs compared with caspofungine or amphotericine B. Total costs of therapy with Voricinasole were up to 30% lower compared with caspofungine and up to 70% lower compared with amphotericine B. Performed univariate sensitivity analysis showed that cost-effectiveness of anti-IA treatment depends mostly on clinical effectiveness of antimycotics rather than drug costs. Thus, treatment with Voriconasole is cost-effective in IA patients.

Massive vaccination had proved its effective morbidity reduction. Today it is necessary to extend vaccination schedule, creation of selective, regional schedules based on epidemiological, clinical, economical substantiation. Development of vaccination needs the profound scientific research, modernization of adverse reaction observing system, betterment training system and awareness of population.