A total of 1,824 human cases of diphtheria, treated at the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital SP Botkin (St. Petersburg) during 1993, as well as 19 deaths in 1994. It is known that early diagnosis of infectious diseases, especially diphtheria, contributes to the favorable outcome of the disease. The diagnosis of diphtheria at the prehospital stage is always difficult. Presented in detail the differential diagnosis of the disease, clinically similar to diphtheria: Lacunal angina, angina Simanovsky, infectious mononucleosis, angina Ludwig’s angina Dugue, syphilis, non-infectious with clinical «masks» of diphtheria and other. Diphtheria epidemic of 1993–1994 in Russia and, in particular, in St. Petersburg, showed that the late admission of patients with diphtheria infection in hospitals, usually associated with irregular differential diagnosis of this dangerous disease.

The examination of newborn infants with perinatal pathology and dead children threatened by congenital rubella syndrome was conduct. It was established that the dead fetuses and newborns markers of rubella virus were more common than living children, and in combination with other perinatal pathogens. The expedience of simultaneous survey of mother-child dyad was shown here.

The article presents the experience of conversion multi-disciplinary somatic hospitals in the infectious hospital. In November-December 2009, the hospital carried out 602 care to patients with acute respiratory infections and influenza, 61 had confirmed influenza caused by virus H1N1, of which 43 patients were hospitalized in serious and critical condition and needed resuscitative benefits. Arising from the conversion to ensure that the complexity of medical-diagnostic process and the observance of sanitary-epidemiological rules for patients suffering from the flu, demanded the mobilization of all forces and resources of the hospital, additional equipment, purchases of non-core drugs. We obtained the experience can be a great help in such situations with re-profiling of general somatic hospitals in infection.

Any state not in a condition to allocate unlimited financial resources for medical maintenance of the population. In the conditions of restriction of financial possibilities, to enough stable and predicted number of the medical personnel, known equipment of medical institutions and population before the state there is the major problem of maintenance of rendering of optimum volume of diagnostic and medical services to the maximum number of citizens of the country. Search of the best balance between the advanced possibilities of medicine and really necessary level of rendering of medical services is actively conducted in our country during a placenta of decades. The certain contribution to working out of standards of diagnostics and treatment of infectious patients is brought by military infectionists