Analysis of some TRIM5 gene variants in HIV-infected patients

The aim of this study was to analyze of some TRIM5 gene variants in HIV-infected individuals

Materials and methods. The analysis of the rs10838525 (R136Q) and rs3740996 (H43Y) variants of the TRIM5 gene was performed in groups of HIV-infected individuals with virological failure of antiretroviral therapy (n = 378) and control group (n = 319) (individuals without acute or chronic infectious and somatic diseases at the time of examination) from the Northwestern region of Russia. Genotyping was carried out by PCR followed by sequencing. Statistical analysis included testing for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, assessment of associations under three inheritance models (dominant, recessive, additive) with calculation of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), as well as haplotype analysis.

Results. Statistically significant differences in the distribution of genotypes between the groups were identified for the specified variants (p < 0.0001). The 136R allele (rs10838525) was associated with an increased risk of HIV infection (additive OR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.33–2.10), whereas the 43Y allele (rs3740996) demonstrated a protective effect (additive OR = 0.55; 95% CI 0.44–0.70; p < 0.0001). Haplotype analysis confirmed the divergence of effects: the R-H haplotype was associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.55; p = 0.0047), while the Q-Y haplotype was associated with a reduced risk (OR = 0.49; p < 0.0001).

Conclusion. This study establishes that the R136Q and H43Y variants of the TRIM5 gene are significant genetic factors associated with HIV infection in the Russian population, exerting opposing effects on susceptibility. These findings underscore the importance of accounting for population-specific genetic architecture and highlight the need for further investigation into the role of TRIM family proteins in HIV pathogenesis, with careful consideration of regional variations.

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