Т-лимфотропные вирусы человека 1 и 2 типов в XXI веке (систематический обзор)

Т-лимфотропные вирусы человека 1 и 2 типа (HTLV1/2) (семейство Retroviridae, род Deltaretrovirus) благодаря особенностям геномной организации способны к длительной персистенции и латентности в организме человека. HTLV-1 является онкогенным вирусом, ассоциированным с развитием тяжелых заболеваний, таких как Т-клеточная лейкемия/лимфома взрослых и HTLV-1ассоциированная миелопатия/тропический спастический парапарез. HTLV-2 не связан с развитием злокачественных новообразований, но также может приводить к развитию ряда тяжелых неврологических и инфекционных заболеваний. Несмотря на значительное бремя заболеваний, ассоциированных с HTLV-1 в эндемичных регионах, глобально эта инфекция остается забытой. Данные о распространенности HTLV-1/2-инфекции в неэндемичных регионах практически не представлены. Скрининговые обследования доноров крови на маркеры HTLV-1/2-инфекции проводятся только в 50 странах мира. Отсутствие этиологического лечения и средств специфической вакцинации подчеркивает критическую важность скринингового тестирования, профилактики и раннего выявления в группах риска, информационно-разъяснительной работы с населением. Учитывая увеличение туристических и миграционных потоков, усиление эпидемиологического надзора и целевой скрининг групп риска также необходимы и в неэндемичных регионах. Целью настоящего систематического обзора является обобщение современных знаний о строении, геномной организации HTLV-1 и HTLV-2, эпидемиологии, патогенезе, клинических проявлениях, диагностике, лечении и профилактике HTLV-1/2-ассоциированных заболеваний.

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