jofinЖурнал инфектологииJournal Infectology2072-6732IPO “АIDSSPbR"10.22625/2072-6732-2026-18-2-5-16jofin-1984Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWТ-лимфотропные вирусы человека 1 и 2 типов в XXI веке (систематический обзор)Human T-lymphotropic viruses types 1 and 2 in the 21st century (A systematic review)АпановичП. В.ApanovichP. V.

Апанович Павел Васильевич – научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии оппортунистических инфекций отдела молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии.

Москва

; тел.: 8(495)974-96-46

Moscow

apanovich@cmd.suДомоноваЭ. А.DomonovaE. A.

Домонова Эльвира Алексеевна – заведующий лабораторией молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии оппортунистических инфекций отдела молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии ЦНИИЭ, д.м.н.

Москва; тел.: 8(495)974-96-46

Moscow

elvira.domonova@pcr.msАкимкинВ. Г.AkimkinV. G.

Акимкин Василий Геннадьевич – директор ЦНИИЭ, д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, лауреат премии Правительства Российской Федерации в области науки и техники, медицинской науки.

Москва; тел.: 8(495)672-10-69

Moscow

vgakimkin@yandex.ruЦентральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологииРоссияCentral Research Institute of EpidemiologyRussian Federation202620062026182516Copyright © Апанович П.В., Домонова Э.А., Акимкин В.Г., 20262026Апанович П.В., Домонова Э.А., Акимкин В.Г.Apanovich P.V., Domonova E.A., Akimkin V.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1984

Т-лимфотропные вирусы человека 1 и 2 типа (HTLV1/2) (семейство Retroviridae, род Deltaretrovirus) благодаря особенностям геномной организации способны к длительной персистенции и латентности в организме человека. HTLV-1 является онкогенным вирусом, ассоциированным с развитием тяжелых заболеваний, таких как Т-клеточная лейкемия/лимфома взрослых и HTLV-1ассоциированная миелопатия/тропический спастический парапарез. HTLV-2 не связан с развитием злокачественных новообразований, но также может приводить к развитию ряда тяжелых неврологических и инфекционных заболеваний. Несмотря на значительное бремя заболеваний, ассоциированных с HTLV-1 в эндемичных регионах, глобально эта инфекция остается забытой. Данные о распространенности HTLV-1/2-инфекции в неэндемичных регионах практически не представлены. Скрининговые обследования доноров крови на маркеры HTLV-1/2-инфекции проводятся только в 50 странах мира. Отсутствие этиологического лечения и средств специфической вакцинации подчеркивает критическую важность скринингового тестирования, профилактики и раннего выявления в группах риска, информационно-разъяснительной работы с населением. Учитывая увеличение туристических и миграционных потоков, усиление эпидемиологического надзора и целевой скрининг групп риска также необходимы и в неэндемичных регионах. Целью настоящего систематического обзора является обобщение современных знаний о строении, геномной организации HTLV-1 и HTLV-2, эпидемиологии, патогенезе, клинических проявлениях, диагностике, лечении и профилактике HTLV-1/2-ассоциированных заболеваний.

Human T-lymphotropic viruses types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) (family Retroviridae, genus Deltaretrovirus), are due to their genomic organization capable of long persistence and latency in the human body. HTLV-1 is an oncogenic virus associated with severe diseases such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. HTLV-2 is not associated with the development of malignant neoplasms, but can also lead to the development of a number of severe neurological and infectious diseases. Despite the significant burden of disease associated with HTLV-1 in endemic areas, this infection remains globally neglected. Data on the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection in non-endemic regions are almost unavailable. Screening of blood donors for HTLV-1/2 infection markers is performed in only 50 countries worldwide. The absence of etiological therapy and specific vaccines highlights the critical importance of screening programs, preventive measures, early detection among populations at risk, and public awareness initiatives. Given the growing trends in international tourist and migration flows, enhanced epidemiological surveillance and targeted screening of high-risk groups are also essential in areas non-endemic for HTLV-1/2. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize current knowledge on the structure, genomic organization of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of HTLV-1/2-associated diseases.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.