PEST-анализ пандемии COVID-19. Особенности влияния пандемии в мире и в России на различные сообщества

Пандемия COVID-19, вызванная коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2, оказалась беспрецедентным вызовом, затронувшим все сферы общества. Ее глубокое воздействие на политические институты, экономику, социальные взаимодействия и технологическое развитие обусловило необходимость комплексного анализа последствий для различных сообществ.

Цель: проведение PEST-анализа для комплексной оценки влияния пандемии COVID-19 на различные профессиональные сообщества в мире и в России, с акцентом на выявление организационных и социальных последствий для медицинского сообщества.

Материалы и методы: в структурированном опросе приняли участие 1768 респондентов из 3 городов Центрального федерального округа России (г. Москва, г. Ярославль, г. Смоленск), представлявших различные профессиональные группы. Параллельно был проведен «scoping review» научной литературы и нормативноаналитических документов с 2020 по 2025 г. по методологии PEST-анализа. Ключевыми словами для поиска являлись: «COVID 19»; «healthcare»; «public policy»; «fiscal support»; «social impact»; «telemedicine»; «mandatory vaccination»; «vaccine technology» и др.

Результаты: пандемия оказала комплексное воздействие на все сферы общества, оказавшееся весьма специфичным. Ключевые последствия включали: ужесточение государственного регулирования (политическая сфера), снижение доходов малого бизнеса (69,5% среди респондентов) и нарушение глобальных цепочек поставок (экономическая сфера), рост социального неравенства и психологической нагрузки, особенно среди медицинских работников (социальная сфера), а также ускоренную цифровизацию и внедрение телемедицинских технологий (технологическая сфера). PEST-анализ позволил структурировать эти последствия по 4 ключевым сферам, выявив индивидуальный характер влияния на разные профессиональные сообщества, что подтверждается данными опроса.

Заключение: влияние пандемии оказалось масштабным и многосторонним, затронув все ключевые сферы общества. Полученные данные могут служить основой для развития эффективных политик и инициатив, направленных на укрепление устойчивости системы здравоохранения и всего общества к будущим вызовам.

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