Роль подвидов Mycobacterium avium в развитии микобактериоза (литературный обзор)

Микобактерии представляют собой неоднородную группу кислотоустойчивых микроорганизмов, которые могут вызывать различные заболевания человека. Микобактерии, входящие в Mycobacterium avium complex, чаще других регистрируются у больных микобактериозами. К факторам риска, определяющим возможность инфицирования, относят обструктивные хронические заболевания лёгких: бронхиальную астму, бронхоэктазы, туберкулёз и наличие остаточных изменений после его излечения; работу в условиях вредного производства, способствующую развитию заболеваний лёгочной системы. Mycobacterium avium включает 4 подвида: Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium, Mycobacterium avium subspecies silvaticum, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis и Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis. Подвиды Mycobacterium avium отличаются фенотипически и обладают различной патогенностью и влиянием на течение микобактериоза.

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