Видовое разнообразие риккетсий группы клещевой пятнистой лихорадки на территории Северо-Запада России и стран Балтийского региона

Риккетсии группы клещевой пятнистой лихорадки – это группа облигатных внутриклеточных грамотрицательных бактерий, принадлежащих к роду Rickettsia. Они широко распространены и способны вызывать заболевания у большого числа видов позвоночных животных и человека, заражая их, в основном, через присасывание клещей.
Цель: выявить видовое разнообразие риккетсий группы клещевой пятнистой лихорадки, циркулирующих на территории северо-запада России и стран Балтийского региона, путем анализа научной литературы.
Материалы и методы: данные для этого обзора были получены из статей, опубликованных в журналах, включенных в наукометрические базы PubMed и Google Scholar, с 1 января 1979 г. до 31 января 2025 г.
Результаты: по результатам проведенного анализа было выявлено 7 патогенных видов риккетсий группы клещевой пятнистой лихорадки, обнаруженных в иксодовых клещах, собранных с растительности, на территории северо-запада России и стран Балтийского региона: R. helvetica, Candidatus R. tarasevichiae, R. raoultii, R. slovaca, R. monacensis, R. aeschlimannii и R. tamurae. Основными резервуарами данных видов риккетсий в очагах являются клещи рода Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, Dermacentor, Rhipiciphalus и Amblyomma.
Клиническая картина нозологических форм клещевых риккетсиозов, вызываемых этими видами риккетсий, складывается из нескольких групп симптомов: кожных (кожная сыпь, некротический струп на месте присасывания клеща), гриппоподобных (лихорадка, головная боль, утомляемость, недомогание, озноб, кашель, головокружение), симптомов со стороны опорно-двигательной системы (миалгия, артралгия), гастроинтестинальных (тошнота, рвота, диарея, анорексия) и других (лимфаденопатия, конъюнктивит, отёк, менингит).
Заключение: полученные результаты свидетельствуют о существовании природных очагов клещевых риккетсиозов на территории северо-запада России и стран Балтийского региона, а также о значительном видовом разнообразии риккетсий группы клещевой пятнистой лихорадки в этих очагах, и обосновывают целесообразность проведения постоянного мониторинга за зараженностью клещей данными патогенами.

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