Особенности генетической регуляции восприимчивости человека к вирусным инфекциям

Функционирование генома человека играет роль в обеспечении защиты организма от вирусной инвазии. Восприимчивость организма к различным вирусным заболеваниям обусловлена не только особенностями работы систем врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета, но также индивидуальными различиями геномов. Мутации в области гена FUT2 могут оказывать протективный эффект в отношении норовирусных гастроэнтеритов, однако при этом повышают риск развития и осложненного течения других заболеваний. Молекулярный механизм взаимодействия генов семейства OAS с системой врожденного иммунитета, а также особенности нормального полиморфизма генома влияют на развитие и благоприятный исход вирусных заболеваний.
Анализ источников информации взаимосвязи геномных процессов с течением и исходом вирусных заболеваний, отдельных аспектов влияния особенностей заболеваний на эти процессы проведен на июль 2025 г. по основным поисковым электронным базам данных, включая PubMed, Scopus, eLIBRARY и Google Scholar, по следующим ключевым словам: FUT, OAS, HDAC, epigenetics, immune resistance, viral diseases, host immunity.
Представлены некоторые механизмы влияния эпигенетических процессов на характер течения заболеваний, а также на возможности их терапевтической коррекции. Исследование фундаментальных аспектов влияния механизмов генетического контроля на восприимчивость к вирусным инфекциям позволит сформировать новые представления о группах риска, механизмах профилактики и лечения заболеваний.

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