jofinЖурнал инфектологииJournal Infectology2072-6732IPO “АIDSSPbR"10.22625/2072-6732-2025-17-4-35-50jofin-1887Research ArticleОбзорReviewОсобенности генетической регуляции восприимчивости человека к вирусным инфекциямPeculiarities of genetic regulation of human susceptibility to viral infectionsВербенкоД. А.VerbenkoD. A.

Вербенко Дмитрий Анатольевич – старший научный сотрудник, к.б.н. 

Екатеринбург

Ekaterinburg

verbenko_da@niivirom.ruБеляевВ. А.BelyaevV. A.

Беляев Владимир Алексеевич – лаборант 

Екатеринбург

Ekaterinburg

vova-belyaev-90@mail.ruПановаА. Е.PanovaA. E.

Панова Анна Евгеньевна – заместитель директора по научной работе, к.м.н. 

Екатеринбург

Ekaterinburg

panova_ae@niivirom.ruВашуковаМ. А.VashukovaM. A.

Вашукова Мария Александровна – ассистент кафедры инфекционных болезней; заместитель главного врача, к.м.н. 

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

mavashukova@yahoo.comСеменовА. В.SemenovA. V.

Семенов Александр Владимирович – директор, д.б.н. 

Екатеринбург

Ekaterinburg

semenov_av@niivirom.ruФедеральный научно-исследовательский институт вирусных инфекций «Виром»РоссияFederal Research Institute of Viral Infections ‘Virom’Russian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова; Клиническая инфекционная больница им. С.П. БоткинаРоссияNational Medical Research Center named after V.A. Almazov; Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. BotkinRussian Federation2025181220251743550Copyright © Вербенко Д.А., Беляев В.А., Панова А.Е., Вашукова М.А., Семенов А.В., 20252025Вербенко Д.А., Беляев В.А., Панова А.Е., Вашукова М.А., Семенов А.В.Verbenko D.A., Belyaev V.A., Panova A.E., Vashukova M.A., Semenov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1887

Функционирование генома человека играет роль в обеспечении защиты организма от вирусной инвазии. Восприимчивость организма к различным вирусным заболеваниям обусловлена не только особенностями работы систем врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета, но также индивидуальными различиями геномов. Мутации в области гена FUT2 могут оказывать протективный эффект в отношении норовирусных гастроэнтеритов, однако при этом повышают риск развития и осложненного течения других заболеваний. Молекулярный механизм взаимодействия генов семейства OAS с системой врожденного иммунитета, а также особенности нормального полиморфизма генома влияют на развитие и благоприятный исход вирусных заболеваний. Анализ источников информации взаимосвязи геномных процессов с течением и исходом вирусных заболеваний, отдельных аспектов влияния особенностей заболеваний на эти процессы проведен на июль 2025 г. по основным поисковым электронным базам данных, включая PubMed, Scopus, eLIBRARY и Google Scholar, по следующим ключевым словам: FUT, OAS, HDAC, epigenetics, immune resistance, viral diseases, host immunity. Представлены некоторые механизмы влияния эпигенетических процессов на характер течения заболеваний, а также на возможности их терапевтической коррекции. Исследование фундаментальных аспектов влияния механизмов генетического контроля на восприимчивость к вирусным инфекциям позволит сформировать новые представления о группах риска, механизмах профилактики и лечения заболеваний.

The functioning of the human genome plays a role in protecting the body from viral invasion. The body’s susceptibility to various viral diseases is determined not only by the functioning of the innate and adaptive immune systems but also by individual genomic differences. Mutations in the FUT2 gene region can exert a protective effect against norovirus gastroenteritis, but also increase the risk of developing and complicating other diseases. The molecular mechanism of interaction between OAS family genes and the innate immune system, as well as the characteristics of normal genomic polymorphism, influence the development and favorable outcome of viral diseases. An analysis of information sources on the relationship between genomic processes and the course and outcome of viral diseases, as well as individual aspects of the influence of disease characteristics on these processes, was conducted as of July 2025. The following keywords were used in key electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, eLIBRARY, and Google Scholar: FUT, OAS, HDAC, epigenetics, immune resistance, viral diseases, and host immunity. Several mechanisms of the influence of epigenetic processes on the course of diseases, as well as the possibilities for their therapeutic correction, are presented. Research into the fundamental aspects of the influence of genetic control mechanisms on susceptibility to viral infections will allow for new understanding of risk groups and mechanisms for disease prevention and treatment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.