Coxsackieviruses B1–6 as Etiological Factor of Enterovirus Infection

Aim: Study of the role of Coxsackieviruses B in the etiology of enterovirus infection and other forms of neurological pathology and also the frequency of isolation of enteroviruses excreted by children living on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods: We investigated 1722 samples from children with acute flaccid paralysis, 19030 samples from patients with enterovirus infection and 100 samples from healthy children from institutions of preschool education. Isolation and identification of enteroviruses were conducted according to WHO recommendations.

Results: Coxsackieviruses B were detected in patients with acute flaccid paralysis and persons who had contacts with them. In the patients with enterovirus infection Coxsackieviruses B were isolated in 3, 6% of cases, mainly in sporadic cases of enterovirus meningitis. In the structure of all isolated enteroviruses the percentage of Coxsackieviruses B was rather high (26%) and it was only lower than those of enterovirus ECHO 30 (32, 2%) which caused the season’s peaks of enterovirus infection in 2007–2009 and 2013. Coxsackieviruses B were also detected in the samples from children from preschool institutions. These viruses prevailed in the structure of all isolated enteroviruses and they were isolated in the samples from some children in two preschool institutions which served as the proof of the virus propagation after their importation to the institution when children start attending the institutions after summer holidays.

Conclusion: Coxsackieviruses B constantly circulated on a great number of territories. They are the etiologic factor of mainly sporadic but also group cases of enterovirus meningitis. In the structure of all isolated enteroviruses these viruses occupied the leading position during almost all the years of 10 years of surveillance. The examination of the children without clinical symptoms of infection revealed that Coxsackieviruses B constituted the majority among isolated enteroviruses. That proves the possibility that healthy children are carriers of Coxsackieviruses B.

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