<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-4-122-133</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-971</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Эпидемиология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Epidemiology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Устойчивый к метициллину Staphylococcus aureus зоонозного происхождения - новая угроза здоровью населения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Livestock-associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a New Impendence for Public Health</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ваганова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vaganova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ваганова Анастасия Николаевна — научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярно-биологических технологий отдела новых технологий.</p><p>Тел.: 8(812)313-69-88, факс 8(812)313-69-89</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">van.inprogress@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисенко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисенко Сергей Владимирович — старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунохимических технологий отдела новых технологий, кандидат ветеринарных наук.</p><p>Тел.: 8 (812) 313-69-88, факс 8 (812) 313-69-89</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">laris-boris@yandex.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сокурова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokurova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сокурова Алла Михайловна — доцент кафедры микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии, кандидат биологических наук</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ansokurov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вербов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Verbov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вербов Вячеслав Николаевич — руководитель отдела новых технологий, кандидат химических наук.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pasteurdnt@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Pasteur</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ваганова А.Н., Борисенко С.В., Сокурова А.М., Вербов В.Н., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ваганова А.Н., Борисенко С.В., Сокурова А.М., Вербов В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vaganova A.N., Borisenko S.V., Sokurova A.M., Verbov V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/971">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/971</self-uri><abstract><p>MRSA представляет, собой неоднородную группу в рамках вида Staphylococcus aureus. В составе данной группы, выделяют, в зависимости от. объекта паразитирования, три подгруппы: внутрибольничные варианты MRSA (hospital-associated MRSA, HA-MRSA), внебольничные MRSA (community-associated MRSA, CA-MRSA), MRSA, ассоциированные с сельскохозяйственными животными (livestock-associated. MRSA, LA-MRSA), распространённые среди сельскохозяйственных животных. LA-MRSA широко распространены, во многих странах. Существенной проблемой является распространение носительства LA-MRSA среди лиц, контактирующих с сельскохозяйственными животными. Взаимодействие популяций CA-MRSA и LA-MRSA приводит, к получению LA-MRSA генов, ассоциированных с патогенностью для человека. В результате этого процесса возникают, варианты. LA-MRSA, способные распространяться среди людей. Эти стафилококки обладают, способностью вызывать заболевания человека, в том. числе внутрибольничные инфекции. Интенсификация животноводства, обусловливающая массовое и бесконтрольное применение антибиотиков, привела к формированию и повсеместному распространению LA-MRSA, характеризующегося, в отличие от. CA-MRSA, множественной лекарственной резистентностью. Это обстоятельство делает. практически невозможным, элиминацию LA-MRSA из среды, обитания человека и животных. Данное положение даёт, основание признать, что одним, из основных способов контроля за распространением LA-MRSA и вызываемых им. заболеваний является мониторорова-ние экологической, эпизоотической и эпидемиологической ситуаций среди поголовья сельскохозяйственных животных и населения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>MRSA is the polyphyletic group into Staphylococcus aureus species. In accordance to the hostal preference, this group is divided, to three subgroups, i.e hospital-associated. MRSA, HA-MRSA, which, includes nosocomial staphylococci variants, community-associated MRSA, CA-MRSA, that is related to human environment and livestock-associated MRSA, LA-MRSA, that has zoonotic origin and commonly is associated with livestock. LA-MRSA is widespread in most countries. The serious problem, is the spread, of LA-MRSA carriage in humans that work in closely contact with livestock. Interaction between populations of CA-MRSA and LA-MRSA leads to acquisition, of human pathogenicity-associated, genes in zoonotic MRSA. The variants of LA-MRSA, that can spread between human arises as the result of this process. These staphylococci may be the cause of human diseases, including hospital-acquired, infections. Intensification of animal husbandry determined massive and uncontrollable antibiotic usage and resulted to development and ubiquitous spread of LA-MRSA, that is, in contrast to CA-MRSA, is characterized, by multiple drug resistance. This circumstance make practically impossible to eliminate LA-MRSA in human and livestock environment. In such considerations, monitoring of ecologic, epizootic and epidemiologic situation in human and. livestock becomes one of the main ways to control the spread of MRSA and diseases, associated with it.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Staphylococcus aureus</kwd><kwd>MRSA</kwd><kwd>сельскохозяйственные животные</kwd><kwd>устойчивость к антибиотикам</kwd><kwd>общественное здоровье</kwd><kwd>окружающая среда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Staphylococcus aureus</kwd><kwd>MRSA</kwd><kwd>livestock</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>public health</kwd><kwd>environment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qin, Y. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Child Patients of High-Risk Wards in Shenzhen, China / Y. Qin, F. Wen, Y. Zheng, R. Zhao, Q. Hu, R. Zhang // Jpn J Infect Dis. - 2017. - V. 70, N. 5. - P. 479-484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qin, Y. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Child Patients of High-Risk Wards in Shenzhen, China / Y. Qin, F. Wen, Y. Zheng, R. Zhao, Q. Hu, R. Zhang // Jpn J Infect Dis. - 2017. - V. 70, N. 5. - P. 479-484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rolo, J. Evolutionary Origin of the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) / J. Rolo, P. Worning, J.B. Nielsen, R. Bowden, O. Bouchami, P. Damborg, L. Guardabassi, V. Perreten, A. Tomasz, H. Westh, H. de Lencastre, M. Miragaia // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. - 2017. - V.61, N.6. - P. 2302-2316.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rolo, J. Evolutionary Origin of the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) / J. Rolo, P. Worning, J.B. Nielsen, R. Bowden, O. Bouchami, P. Damborg, L. Guardabassi, V. Perreten, A. Tomasz, H. Westh, H. de Lencastre, M. Miragaia // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. - 2017. - V.61, N.6. - P. 2302-2316.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu, S. Tracking the evolutionary origin of the methicil-lin resistance gene: cloning and sequencing of a homologue of mecA from a methicillin susceptible strain of Staphylococcus sciuri / S. Wu, C. Piscitelli, H. de Lencastre, A. Tomasz // Mi-crob Drug Resist. - 1996. - V.2, N.4. - P.435-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu, S. Tracking the evolutionary origin of the methicil-lin resistance gene: cloning and sequencing of a homologue of mecA from a methicillin susceptible strain of Staphylococcus sciuri / S. Wu, C. Piscitelli, H. de Lencastre, A. Tomasz // Mi-crob Drug Resist. - 1996. - V.2, N.4. - P.435-41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aires-de-Sousa, M. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among animals: current overview / M. Aires-de-Sousa // Clin Microbiol Infect. - 2017. - V.23, N.6. - P. 373-380.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aires-de-Sousa, M. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among animals: current overview / M. Aires-de-Sousa // Clin Microbiol Infect. - 2017. - V.23, N.6. - P. 373-380.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahibzada, S. Transmission of highly virulent community-associated MRSA ST93 and livestock-associated MRSA ST398 between humans and pigs in Australia / S. Sahibzada, S. Abraham,G.W. Coombs, S. Pang, M. Hernandez-Jover, D. Jordan, J. Heller // Sci Rep. - 2017. - V.7, N.1. - e. 5273.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahibzada, S. Transmission of highly virulent community-associated MRSA ST93 and livestock-associated MRSA ST398 between humans and pigs in Australia / S. Sahibzada, S. Abraham,G.W. Coombs, S. Pang, M. Hernandez-Jover, D. Jordan, J. Heller // Sci Rep. - 2017. - V.7, N.1. - e. 5273.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brandt, K.M. Evaluation of multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis for typing livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus / K.M. Brandt, A. Mellmann, B. Ballhausen, C. Jenke, P.J. van der Wolf, E.M. Broens, K. Becker, R. Kock // PLoS One. - 2013. - V.8, N.1. - e54425.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brandt, K.M. Evaluation of multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis for typing livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus / K.M. Brandt, A. Mellmann, B. Ballhausen, C. Jenke, P.J. van der Wolf, E.M. Broens, K. Becker, R. Kock // PLoS One. - 2013. - V.8, N.1. - e54425.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larsen, J. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 is an increasing cause of disease in people with no livestock contact in Denmark, 1999 to 2011 / J. Larsen, A. Petersen, M. Sorum, M. Stegger, L. van Alphen, P. Valentiner-Branth, L.K. Knudsen, L.S. Larsen, B. Feingold, L.B. Price, P.S. Andersen, A.R. Larsen, R.L. Skov // Euro Surveill. - 2015. - V.20, N.37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larsen, J. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 is an increasing cause of disease in people with no livestock contact in Denmark, 1999 to 2011 / J. Larsen, A. Petersen, M. Sorum, M. Stegger, L. van Alphen, P. Valentiner-Branth, L.K. Knudsen, L.S. Larsen, B. Feingold, L.B. Price, P.S. Andersen, A.R. Larsen, R.L. Skov // Euro Surveill. - 2015. - V.20, N.37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kinross, P. Livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among human MRSA isolates, European Union/European Economic Area countries, 2013 / P. Kinross, A. Petersen, R. Skov, E. Van Hauwermeiren, A. Pan-tosti, F. Laurent, A. Voss A6, J. Kluytmans, M.J. Struelens, O. Heuer, D.L. Monnet // Euro Surveill. - 2017. - V.22, N.44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kinross, P. Livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among human MRSA isolates, European Union/European Economic Area countries, 2013 / P. Kinross, A. Petersen, R. Skov, E. Van Hauwermeiren, A. Pan-tosti, F. Laurent, A. Voss A6, J. Kluytmans, M.J. Struelens, O. Heuer, D.L. Monnet // Euro Surveill. - 2017. - V.22, N.44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gostev, V. Molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus circulating in the Russian Federation / V. Gostev, A. Kruglov, O. Kalinogo-rskaya, O. Dmitrenko, O. Khokhlova, T. Yamamoto, Y. Lobzin, I. Ryabchenko, S. Sidorenko // Infect Genet Evol. - 2017 - V. 53. - P.189-194.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gostev, V. Molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus circulating in the Russian Federation / V. Gostev, A. Kruglov, O. Kalinogo-rskaya, O. Dmitrenko, O. Khokhlova, T. Yamamoto, Y. Lobzin, I. Ryabchenko, S. Sidorenko // Infect Genet Evol. - 2017 - V. 53. - P.189-194.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cuny, C. Livestock associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) and its relevance for humans in Germany / C. Cuny, R. K ck, W. Witte // Int J Med Microbiol. - 2013. - V.303, N.6-7. - P.331-337.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cuny, C. Livestock associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) and its relevance for humans in Germany / C. Cuny, R. K ck, W. Witte // Int J Med Microbiol. - 2013. - V.303, N.6-7. - P.331-337.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larsen, J. Evidence for Human Adaptation and Food-borne Transmission of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / J. Larsen, M. Stegger, P. Andersen, A. Petersen, A.R. Larsen, H. Westh, Y. Agerso, A. Fetsch, B. Kraushaar, A. Kasbohrer, A.T. Fepler, S. Schwarz, C. Cuny, W. Witte, B. Butaye, O. Denis, M. Haenni, J.Y. Madec, E. Jouy, F. Laurent, A. Battisti, A. Franco, P. Alba, C. Mammina, A. Pantos-ti, M. Monaco, J.A. Wagenaar, E. de Boer, E. van Duijkeren, V. Heck M, L. Dominguez, C. Torres, M. Zarazaga, L.B. Price, R.L. Skov // Clin Infect Dis. - 2016. - V.63, N.10. - P.1349-1352.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larsen, J. Evidence for Human Adaptation and Food-borne Transmission of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / J. Larsen, M. Stegger, P. Andersen, A. Petersen, A.R. Larsen, H. Westh, Y. Agerso, A. Fetsch, B. Kraushaar, A. Kasbohrer, A.T. Fepler, S. Schwarz, C. Cuny, W. Witte, B. Butaye, O. Denis, M. Haenni, J.Y. Madec, E. Jouy, F. Laurent, A. Battisti, A. Franco, P. Alba, C. Mammina, A. Pantos-ti, M. Monaco, J.A. Wagenaar, E. de Boer, E. van Duijkeren, V. Heck M, L. Dominguez, C. Torres, M. Zarazaga, L.B. Price, R.L. Skov // Clin Infect Dis. - 2016. - V.63, N.10. - P.1349-1352.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graveland, H. Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in animals and humans / H. Graveland, B. Duim, E. van Duijkeren, D. Heederik, J.A. Wagenaar // Int J Med Microbiol. - 2011. - V.301, N.8. - P.630-634.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graveland, H. Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in animals and humans / H. Graveland, B. Duim, E. van Duijkeren, D. Heederik, J.A. Wagenaar // Int J Med Microbiol. - 2011. - V.301, N.8. - P.630-634.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neto, A.E.D. Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clonal complex 398 with no livestock association in Brazil / A.E.D. Neto, R.F.A. Pereira, R.E. Snyder, T.S. Machado, L.S.P. Andre, C.A.A. Cardoso, F. Aguiar-Alves // Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. - 2017. - V.112, N.9. - P.647-649.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neto, A.E.D. Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clonal complex 398 with no livestock association in Brazil / A.E.D. Neto, R.F.A. Pereira, R.E. Snyder, T.S. Machado, L.S.P. Andre, C.A.A. Cardoso, F. Aguiar-Alves // Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. - 2017. - V.112, N.9. - P.647-649.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giacinti, G. Prevalence and characterization of methicil-lin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying mecA or mecC and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in dairy sheep farms in central Italy / G. Giacinti, V. Carfora, A. Caprioli, D. Sagrafoli, N. Marri, G. Giangolini, R. Amoruso, M. Iurescia, F. Stravino, S. Dottarelli, F. Feltrin, A. Franco, S. Amatiste, A. Battisti // J Dairy Sci. - 2017.- V.100, N.10. - P.7857-7863.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giacinti, G. Prevalence and characterization of methicil-lin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying mecA or mecC and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in dairy sheep farms in central Italy / G. Giacinti, V. Carfora, A. Caprioli, D. Sagrafoli, N. Marri, G. Giangolini, R. Amoruso, M. Iurescia, F. Stravino, S. Dottarelli, F. Feltrin, A. Franco, S. Amatiste, A. Battisti // J Dairy Sci. - 2017.- V.100, N.10. - P.7857-7863.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Locatelli, C. Short communication: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in bulk tank milk of dairy cows and effect of swine population density / C. Locatelli, P. Cremonesi, L. Bertocchi, M.G. Zanoni, A. Barberio, I. Drigo, G. Varisco, B. Castiglioni, V. Bronzo, P. Moroni // J Dairy Sci. - 2016. -V.99, N.3. - P.2151-2156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Locatelli, C. Short communication: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in bulk tank milk of dairy cows and effect of swine population density / C. Locatelli, P. Cremonesi, L. Bertocchi, M.G. Zanoni, A. Barberio, I. Drigo, G. Varisco, B. Castiglioni, V. Bronzo, P. Moroni // J Dairy Sci. - 2016. -V.99, N.3. - P.2151-2156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen, C.J. Clinical and molecular features of MDR livestock-associated MRSA ST9 with staphylococcal cassette chromosome mecXII in humans / C.J. Chen, T.Y. Lauderdale, C.T. Lu, Y.Y. Chuang, C.C. Yang, T.S. Wu, C.Y. Lee, M.C. Lu, W.C. Ko, Y.C. Huang // J Antimicrob Chemother. - 2018. - V.73, N.1. - P.33-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen, C.J. Clinical and molecular features of MDR livestock-associated MRSA ST9 with staphylococcal cassette chromosome mecXII in humans / C.J. Chen, T.Y. Lauderdale, C.T. Lu, Y.Y. Chuang, C.C. Yang, T.S. Wu, C.Y. Lee, M.C. Lu, W.C. Ko, Y.C. Huang // J Antimicrob Chemother. - 2018. - V.73, N.1. - P.33-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bi, Z. Identical genotypes of community-associated MRSA (ST59) and livestock-associated MRSA (ST9) in humans and pigs in rural China / Z. Bi, C. Sun C, S. Boijesson, B. Chen, X. Ji, B. Berglund, M. Wang, M. Nilsson, H. Yin, Q. Sun, A. Hulth, Y. Wang, C. Wu, Z. Bi, L.E. Nilsson // Zoonoses Public Health. - 2018. - V.65, N.3- P.367-371.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bi, Z. Identical genotypes of community-associated MRSA (ST59) and livestock-associated MRSA (ST9) in humans and pigs in rural China / Z. Bi, C. Sun C, S. Boijesson, B. Chen, X. Ji, B. Berglund, M. Wang, M. Nilsson, H. Yin, Q. Sun, A. Hulth, Y. Wang, C. Wu, Z. Bi, L.E. Nilsson // Zoonoses Public Health. - 2018. - V.65, N.3- P.367-371.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yi, Y. Analysis of the Genetic Diversity in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bovine Subclinical Mastitis Case in Xinjiang, China / Y. Yi, L. Su, B. Li, S. Li, B. Zhang, Y. Su // Foodborne Pathog Dis. - 2018. - V.15, N.9. - P.568-575.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yi, Y. Analysis of the Genetic Diversity in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bovine Subclinical Mastitis Case in Xinjiang, China / Y. Yi, L. Su, B. Li, S. Li, B. Zhang, Y. Su // Foodborne Pathog Dis. - 2018. - V.15, N.9. - P.568-575.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casey, J.A. Identifying livestock-associated methicil-lin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States--reply / J.A. Casey, B.S. Schwartz // JAMA Intern Med. - 2014. -V.174, N.5. - P.825.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casey, J.A. Identifying livestock-associated methicil-lin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States--reply / J.A. Casey, B.S. Schwartz // JAMA Intern Med. - 2014. -V.174, N.5. - P.825.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bosch, T. Livestock-associated MRSA: innocent or serious health threat? / T. Bosch, L.M. Schouls // Future Microbiol. - 2015. - V.10, N.4. - P.445-447.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bosch, T. Livestock-associated MRSA: innocent or serious health threat? / T. Bosch, L.M. Schouls // Future Microbiol. - 2015. - V.10, N.4. - P.445-447.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schulze-Geisthovel, S.V. Survey on the risk awareness of german pig and cattle farmers in relation to dealing with MRSA and antibiotics / S.V. Schulze-Geisthovel, E.V. Tappe , R.M. Schmithausen , J. Lepkojis, K. Rottgen, B. Petersen B2. // Infect Ecol Epidemiol. - 2016. -N.6. - P.29817.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schulze-Geisthovel, S.V. Survey on the risk awareness of german pig and cattle farmers in relation to dealing with MRSA and antibiotics / S.V. Schulze-Geisthovel, E.V. Tappe , R.M. Schmithausen , J. Lepkojis, K. Rottgen, B. Petersen B2. // Infect Ecol Epidemiol. - 2016. -N.6. - P.29817.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischer, J. Simultaneous occurrence of MRSA and ES-BL-producing Enterobacteriaceae on pig farms and in nasal and stool samples from farmers / J. Fischer, K. Hille, I. Ruddat, A. Mellmann, R. Kock, L. Kreienbrock // Vet Microbiol. - 2017. - N.200. - P.107-113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer, J. Simultaneous occurrence of MRSA and ES-BL-producing Enterobacteriaceae on pig farms and in nasal and stool samples from farmers / J. Fischer, K. Hille, I. Ruddat, A. Mellmann, R. Kock, L. Kreienbrock // Vet Microbiol. - 2017. - N.200. - P.107-113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu, W. The prevalence and influencing factors of meth-icillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in people in contact with livestock: A systematic review / W. Liu, Z. Liu, Z. Yao, Y. Fan, X. Ye, S. Chen S. // Am J Infect Control. - 2015. -V.43, N.5. - P.469-475.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu, W. The prevalence and influencing factors of meth-icillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in people in contact with livestock: A systematic review / W. Liu, Z. Liu, Z. Yao, Y. Fan, X. Ye, S. Chen S. // Am J Infect Control. - 2015. -V.43, N.5. - P.469-475.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ye, X. Genotypic and Phenotypic Markers of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC9 in Humans / X. Ye, X. Wang, Y. Fan, Y. Peng, L. Li, S. Li, J. Huang, Z. Yao, S. Chen // Appl Environ Microbiol. - 2016. - V.82, N.13. - P.3892-3899.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ye, X. Genotypic and Phenotypic Markers of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC9 in Humans / X. Ye, X. Wang, Y. Fan, Y. Peng, L. Li, S. Li, J. Huang, Z. Yao, S. Chen // Appl Environ Microbiol. - 2016. - V.82, N.13. - P.3892-3899.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jayaweera, J.A.A.S. Antibiotic resistance patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from livestock and associated farmers in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka / J.A.A.S. Jayaweera , W.W. Kumbukgolla // Germs. -2017. - V.7, N.3. - P.132-139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jayaweera, J.A.A.S. Antibiotic resistance patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from livestock and associated farmers in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka / J.A.A.S. Jayaweera , W.W. Kumbukgolla // Germs. -2017. - V.7, N.3. - P.132-139.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leibler, J.H. Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Beefpacking Workers in a Midwestern United States Slaughterhouse / J.H. Leibler, J.A. Jordan, K. Brownstein, L. Lander, L.B. Price, M.J. Perry // PLoS One. - 2016. - V.11, N.2. - e0148789.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leibler, J.H. Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage among Beefpacking Workers in a Midwestern United States Slaughterhouse / J.H. Leibler, J.A. Jordan, K. Brownstein, L. Lander, L.B. Price, M.J. Perry // PLoS One. - 2016. - V.11, N.2. - e0148789.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antoci, E. Prevalence and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among subjects working on bovine dairy farms / E. Antoci, M.R. Pinzone, G. Nunnari, S. Stefani, B. Cacopardo // Infez Med. -2013. - V.21, N.2. - P.125-129.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antoci, E. Prevalence and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among subjects working on bovine dairy farms / E. Antoci, M.R. Pinzone, G. Nunnari, S. Stefani, B. Cacopardo // Infez Med. -2013. - V.21, N.2. - P.125-129.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bal, A.M. Genomic insights into the emergence and spread of international clones of healthcare-, community- and livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Blurring of the traditional definitions / A.M. Bal, G.W. Coombs, M. T.G. Holden, J.A. Lindsay, G.R. Nimmo, P. Tattevin, R.L. Skov // J Glob Antimicrob Resist. - 2016. - N.6. - P.95-101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bal, A.M. Genomic insights into the emergence and spread of international clones of healthcare-, community- and livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Blurring of the traditional definitions / A.M. Bal, G.W. Coombs, M. T.G. Holden, J.A. Lindsay, G.R. Nimmo, P. Tattevin, R.L. Skov // J Glob Antimicrob Resist. - 2016. - N.6. - P.95-101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anker, J.C.H. Distance to pig farms as risk factor for community-onset livestock-associated MRSA CC398 infection in persons without known contact to pig farms-A nationwide study / J.C.N. Anker, A. Koch, S. Ethelberg, K. Mlbak, J. Larsen, M.R. Jepsen // Zoonoses Public Health. - 2018. - V.65, N. 3. - P.352-360.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anker, J.C.H. Distance to pig farms as risk factor for community-onset livestock-associated MRSA CC398 infection in persons without known contact to pig farms-A nationwide study / J.C.N. Anker, A. Koch, S. Ethelberg, K. Mlbak, J. Larsen, M.R. Jepsen // Zoonoses Public Health. - 2018. - V.65, N. 3. - P.352-360.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bosch, T. Next-Generation Sequencing Confirms Presumed Nosocomial Transmission of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Netherlands / T. Bosch, S. Witteveen, A. Haenen, F. Landman, L.M. Schouls // Appl Environ Microbiol. - 2016. - V.82, N.14. - P.40814089.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bosch, T. Next-Generation Sequencing Confirms Presumed Nosocomial Transmission of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Netherlands / T. Bosch, S. Witteveen, A. Haenen, F. Landman, L.M. Schouls // Appl Environ Microbiol. - 2016. - V.82, N.14. - P.40814089.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hatcher, S.M. Occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in surface waters near industrial hog operation spray fields / S.M. Hatcher, K.W. Myers, C.D. Heaney, J. Larsen, D. Hall, M.B. Miller, J.R. Stewart // Sci Total Environ. - 2016. - N.565. - P.1028-1036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hatcher, S.M. Occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in surface waters near industrial hog operation spray fields / S.M. Hatcher, K.W. Myers, C.D. Heaney, J. Larsen, D. Hall, M.B. Miller, J.R. Stewart // Sci Total Environ. - 2016. - N.565. - P.1028-1036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kock, R. Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as causes of human infection and colonization in Germany / R. Kock, F. Schaumburg, A. Mellmann, M. Koksal, A. Jurke, K. Becker, A.W. Friedrich // PLoS One. - 2013. - V.8, N.2. - e55040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kock, R. Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as causes of human infection and colonization in Germany / R. Kock, F. Schaumburg, A. Mellmann, M. Koksal, A. Jurke, K. Becker, A.W. Friedrich // PLoS One. - 2013. - V.8, N.2. - e55040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larsen, J. Emergence of Livestock-Associated Methicil-lin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections in Denmark / J. Larsen, A. Petersen, A.R. Larsen, R.N. Sieber, M. Stegger, A. Koch, F.M. Aarestrup, L.B. Price, R.L. Skov // Clin Infect Dis. - 2017. - V.65, N.7. - P.1072-1076.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larsen, J. Emergence of Livestock-Associated Methicil-lin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections in Denmark / J. Larsen, A. Petersen, A.R. Larsen, R.N. Sieber, M. Stegger, A. Koch, F.M. Aarestrup, L.B. Price, R.L. Skov // Clin Infect Dis. - 2017. - V.65, N.7. - P.1072-1076.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manara, S. Whole-genome epidemiology, characterisation, and phylogenetic reconstruction of Staphylococcus aureus strains in a paediatric hospital / S. Manara, E. Pasolli, D. Dolce, N. Ravenni, S. Campana, F. Armanini, F. Asnicar, A. Mengoni, L. Galli, C. Montagnani, E. Venturini, O. Rota-Stabelli, G. Gran-di, G. Taccetti, N. Segata // Genome Med. -2018. -V.10, N.1. - P.82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manara, S. Whole-genome epidemiology, characterisation, and phylogenetic reconstruction of Staphylococcus aureus strains in a paediatric hospital / S. Manara, E. Pasolli, D. Dolce, N. Ravenni, S. Campana, F. Armanini, F. Asnicar, A. Mengoni, L. Galli, C. Montagnani, E. Venturini, O. Rota-Stabelli, G. Gran-di, G. Taccetti, N. Segata // Genome Med. -2018. -V.10, N.1. - P.82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dodemont, M. Emergence of livestock-associated MRSA isolated from cystic fibrosis patients: Result of a Belgian national survey / M. Dodemont, M.A. Argudin, J. Willekens, E. Vanderhelst, D. Pierard, V.Y. Miendje Deyi, L. Hanssens, H. Franckx, P. Schelstraete, I. Leroux-Roels, C. Nonhoff, A. Deplano, C. Knoop, A. Malfroot, O. Denis // J Cyst Fibres. — 2018. - pii: S1569-1993(18)30577-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dodemont, M. Emergence of livestock-associated MRSA isolated from cystic fibrosis patients: Result of a Belgian national survey / M. Dodemont, M.A. Argudin, J. Willekens, E. Vanderhelst, D. Pierard, V.Y. Miendje Deyi, L. Hanssens, H. Franckx, P. Schelstraete, I. Leroux-Roels, C. Nonhoff, A. Deplano, C. Knoop, A. Malfroot, O. Denis // J Cyst Fibres. — 2018. - pii: S1569-1993(18)30577-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ballhausen, B. LA-MRSA CC398 differ from classical community acquired-MRSA and hospital acquired-MRSA lineages: functional analysis of infection and colonization processes / B. Ballhausen, P. Jung, A. Kriegeskorte, P.E. Makgotlho, U. Ruffing, L. von Muller, R. Kock, G. Peters, M. Herrmann, W. Ziebuhr, K. Becker, M. Bischoff // Int J Med Microbiol. — 2014. - V.304, N.7. — P.777-786.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ballhausen, B. LA-MRSA CC398 differ from classical community acquired-MRSA and hospital acquired-MRSA lineages: functional analysis of infection and colonization processes / B. Ballhausen, P. Jung, A. Kriegeskorte, P.E. Makgotlho, U. Ruffing, L. von Muller, R. Kock, G. Peters, M. Herrmann, W. Ziebuhr, K. Becker, M. Bischoff // Int J Med Microbiol. — 2014. - V.304, N.7. — P.777-786.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mutters, N.T. Comparison of livestock-associated and health care-associated MRSA-genes, virulence, and resistance / N.T. Mutters, C.P. Bieber, C. Hauck, G. Reiner, V. Malek, U. Frank // Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. — 2016. — V.86, N.4. — P.417 — 421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mutters, N.T. Comparison of livestock-associated and health care-associated MRSA-genes, virulence, and resistance / N.T. Mutters, C.P. Bieber, C. Hauck, G. Reiner, V. Malek, U. Frank // Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. — 2016. — V.86, N.4. — P.417 — 421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stevens, M.J.A. Draft Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus S681, a Tetracycline-Sensitive Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Clonal Complex 398 Strain / M.J.A. Stevens, R. Stephan, S. Johler // Genome Announc. — 2017. — V. 5, N.33. — e.00805-00817.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stevens, M.J.A. Draft Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus S681, a Tetracycline-Sensitive Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Clonal Complex 398 Strain / M.J.A. Stevens, R. Stephan, S. Johler // Genome Announc. — 2017. — V. 5, N.33. — e.00805-00817.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larsen, J. Copresence of tet(K) and tet(M) in Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 398 Is Associated with Increased Fitness during Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Tetracycline / J. Larsen, J. Clasen, J.E. Hansen, W. Paulander, A. Petersen, A.R. Larsen, D. Frees // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. — 2016. — V.60, N.7. - P.4401-4403.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larsen, J. Copresence of tet(K) and tet(M) in Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 398 Is Associated with Increased Fitness during Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Tetracycline / J. Larsen, J. Clasen, J.E. Hansen, W. Paulander, A. Petersen, A.R. Larsen, D. Frees // Antimicrob Agents Chemother. — 2016. — V.60, N.7. - P.4401-4403.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan, X. Genetic features of livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus ST9 isolates from Chinese pigs that carry the lsa(E) gene for quinupristin/dalfopristin resistanc / X. Yan, Z. Li, M.A. Chlebowicz, X. Tao, M. Ni, Y. Hu, Z. Li, H. Grundmann, S. Murray, B. Pascoe, S.K. Sheppard, X. Bo, J.M. Dijl, P. Du, M. Zhang, Y. You, X. Yu, F. Meng, S. Wang, J. Zhang // Int J Med Microbiol. — 2016. — V.306, N.8. — P.722-729.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan, X. Genetic features of livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus ST9 isolates from Chinese pigs that carry the lsa(E) gene for quinupristin/dalfopristin resistanc / X. Yan, Z. Li, M.A. Chlebowicz, X. Tao, M. Ni, Y. Hu, Z. Li, H. Grundmann, S. Murray, B. Pascoe, S.K. Sheppard, X. Bo, J.M. Dijl, P. Du, M. Zhang, Y. You, X. Yu, F. Meng, S. Wang, J. Zhang // Int J Med Microbiol. — 2016. — V.306, N.8. — P.722-729.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hau, S.J. Antimicrobial Resistance Distribution Differs Among Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type (ST) 5 Isolates From Health Care and Agricultural Sources / Hau S.J., J.S. Haan, P.R. Davies, T. Frana, T.L. Nicholson // Front Microbiol. — 2018. — V.9, N.2102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hau, S.J. Antimicrobial Resistance Distribution Differs Among Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type (ST) 5 Isolates From Health Care and Agricultural Sources / Hau S.J., J.S. Haan, P.R. Davies, T. Frana, T.L. Nicholson // Front Microbiol. — 2018. — V.9, N.2102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sieber, R.N. Drivers and Dynamics of Methicillin-Resistant Livestock-Associated Staphylococcus aureus CC398 in Pigs and Humans in Denmark / R.N. Sieber, R.L. Skov, J. Nielsen, J. Schulz, L.B. Price, F.M. Aarestrup, A.R. Larsen, M. Stegger, J. Larsen // MBio. — 2018. — V.9, N.6. — e02142-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sieber, R.N. Drivers and Dynamics of Methicillin-Resistant Livestock-Associated Staphylococcus aureus CC398 in Pigs and Humans in Denmark / R.N. Sieber, R.L. Skov, J. Nielsen, J. Schulz, L.B. Price, F.M. Aarestrup, A.R. Larsen, M. Stegger, J. Larsen // MBio. — 2018. — V.9, N.6. — e02142-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garcia-Graells, C. Livestock veterinarians at high risk of acquiring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 / C. Garcia-Graells, J. Antoine, J. Larsen, B. Catry, R. Skov, O. Denis // Epidemiol Infect. — 2012. — V.140, N.3. — P.383-389.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garcia-Graells, C. Livestock veterinarians at high risk of acquiring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 / C. Garcia-Graells, J. Antoine, J. Larsen, B. Catry, R. Skov, O. Denis // Epidemiol Infect. — 2012. — V.140, N.3. — P.383-389.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luini, M. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with low within-herd prevalence of intramammary infections in dairy cows: Genotyping of isolates / M. Luini, P. Cremonesi, G. Magro, V. Bianchini, G. Minozzi, B. Castiglioni, R. Piccinini // Vet Microbiol. — 2015. — V.178, N. 3-4. — P.270-274.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luini, M. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with low within-herd prevalence of intramammary infections in dairy cows: Genotyping of isolates / M. Luini, P. Cremonesi, G. Magro, V. Bianchini, G. Minozzi, B. Castiglioni, R. Piccinini // Vet Microbiol. — 2015. — V.178, N. 3-4. — P.270-274.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kraushaar, B. Acquisition of virulence factors in livestock-associated MRSA: Lysogenic conversion of CC398 strains by virulence gene-containing phages / B. Kraushaar, J.A. Ham-merl, M. Kienol, M.L. Heinig, N. Sperling, M. Dinh Thanh, J. Reetz, C. Jackel, A. Fetsch, S. Hertwig // Sci Rep. — 2017. — V.7, V.1. — P.2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kraushaar, B. Acquisition of virulence factors in livestock-associated MRSA: Lysogenic conversion of CC398 strains by virulence gene-containing phages / B. Kraushaar, J.A. Ham-merl, M. Kienol, M.L. Heinig, N. Sperling, M. Dinh Thanh, J. Reetz, C. Jackel, A. Fetsch, S. Hertwig // Sci Rep. — 2017. — V.7, V.1. — P.2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fitzgerald, J.R. Human origin for livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus / J.R. Fitzgerald // MBio. — 2012. — V.3, N.2. — e.00082-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fitzgerald, J.R. Human origin for livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus / J.R. Fitzgerald // MBio. — 2012. — V.3, N.2. — e.00082-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harrison, E.M. Whole genome sequencing identifies zoonotic transmission of MRSA isolates with the novel mecA homologue mecC / E.M. Harrison, G.K. Paterson, M.T. Holden, J. Larsen, M. Stegger, A.R. Larsen, A. Petersen, R.L. Skov, J.M. Christensen, A. Bak Zeuthen, O. Heltberg, S.R. Harris, R.N. Zadoks, J. Parkhill, S.J. Peacock, M.A. Holmes // EMBO Mol Med. — 2013. — V.5, N.4. — P.509-515.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harrison, E.M. Whole genome sequencing identifies zoonotic transmission of MRSA isolates with the novel mecA homologue mecC / E.M. Harrison, G.K. Paterson, M.T. Holden, J. Larsen, M. Stegger, A.R. Larsen, A. Petersen, R.L. Skov, J.M. Christensen, A. Bak Zeuthen, O. Heltberg, S.R. Harris, R.N. Zadoks, J. Parkhill, S.J. Peacock, M.A. Holmes // EMBO Mol Med. — 2013. — V.5, N.4. — P.509-515.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perez-Moreno, M.O., Unusual presence of the immune evasion gene cluster in livestock-associated MRSA of lineage CC398 causing peridural and psoas abscesses in a poultry farmer / M.O. Perez-Moreno, M.J. Centelles-Serrano, J. Nogales-Lopez, M.F. Domenech-Spanedda, C. Lozano, C. Torres // En-ferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. — 2017 Dec;35(10):651-654.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perez-Moreno, M.O., Unusual presence of the immune evasion gene cluster in livestock-associated MRSA of lineage CC398 causing peridural and psoas abscesses in a poultry farmer / M.O. Perez-Moreno, M.J. Centelles-Serrano, J. Nogales-Lopez, M.F. Domenech-Spanedda, C. Lozano, C. Torres // En-ferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. — 2017 Dec;35(10):651-654.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonjalves da Silva, A. A phylogenomic framework for assessing the global emergence and evolution of clonal complex 398 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus / A. Gon-jalves da Silva, S.L. Baines, G.P. Carter, H. Heffernan, N.P. French, X. Ren, T. Seemann, D. Bulach, J. Kwong, T.P. Stinear, B.P. Howden, D.A. Williamson // Microb Genom. — 2017. — V.3, N.1. — e000105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonjalves da Silva, A. A phylogenomic framework for assessing the global emergence and evolution of clonal complex 398 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus / A. Gon-jalves da Silva, S.L. Baines, G.P. Carter, H. Heffernan, N.P. French, X. Ren, T. Seemann, D. Bulach, J. Kwong, T.P. Stinear, B.P. Howden, D.A. Williamson // Microb Genom. — 2017. — V.3, N.1. — e000105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Alen, S. In the centre of an epidemic: Fifteen years of LA-MRSA CC398 at the University Hospital Munster / S. van Alen, B. Ballhausen, G. Peters, A.W. Friedrich, A. Mellmann, R. Kock, K. Becker // Vet Microbiol. — 2017. — N.200. — P.19-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Alen, S. In the centre of an epidemic: Fifteen years of LA-MRSA CC398 at the University Hospital Munster / S. van Alen, B. Ballhausen, G. Peters, A.W. Friedrich, A. Mellmann, R. Kock, K. Becker // Vet Microbiol. — 2017. — N.200. — P.19-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kock, R. Characteristics of hospital patients colonized with livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) CC398 versus other MRSA clones / R. Kock, K. Siam, S. Al-Malat, J. Christmann, F. Schaumburg, K. Becker, A.W. Friedrich // J Hosp Infect. — 2011. — V.79, N.4. — P.292-296.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kock, R. Characteristics of hospital patients colonized with livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) CC398 versus other MRSA clones / R. Kock, K. Siam, S. Al-Malat, J. Christmann, F. Schaumburg, K. Becker, A.W. Friedrich // J Hosp Infect. — 2011. — V.79, N.4. — P.292-296.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reynaga, E. Clinical impact and prevalence of MRSA CC398 and differences between MRSA-TetR and MRSA-TetS in an area of Spain with a high density of pig farming: a prospective cohort study / E. Reynaga, C. Torres, M. Garcia-Nunez, M. Navarro, A. Vilamala, E. Puigoriol, G.E. Lucchetti, M. Sabria // Clin Microbiol Infect. — 2017. — V.23, N.9. — P.678.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reynaga, E. Clinical impact and prevalence of MRSA CC398 and differences between MRSA-TetR and MRSA-TetS in an area of Spain with a high density of pig farming: a prospective cohort study / E. Reynaga, C. Torres, M. Garcia-Nunez, M. Navarro, A. Vilamala, E. Puigoriol, G.E. Lucchetti, M. Sabria // Clin Microbiol Infect. — 2017. — V.23, N.9. — P.678.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hetem, D.J. Transmissibility of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus / D.J. Hetem, M.C. Bootsma, A. Troelstra, M.J. Bonten // Emerg Infect Dis. — 2013. — V.19, N.11. — P.1797-1802.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hetem, D.J. Transmissibility of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus / D.J. Hetem, M.C. Bootsma, A. Troelstra, M.J. Bonten // Emerg Infect Dis. — 2013. — V.19, N.11. — P.1797-1802.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li, J. Characterization of pig-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus / J. Li, N. Jiang, Y. Ke, A.T. FeBler, Y. Wang, S. Schwarz, C. Wu // Vet Microbiol. — 2017. — N.201. — P.183-187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li, J. Characterization of pig-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus / J. Li, N. Jiang, Y. Ke, A.T. FeBler, Y. Wang, S. Schwarz, C. Wu // Vet Microbiol. — 2017. — N.201. — P.183-187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sorensen, A.I.V. Risk factors for the occurrence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in Danish pig herds / A.I.V. Sorensen, V.F. Jensen, A. Boklund, T. Halasa, H. Christensen, N. Toft // Prev Vet Med. — 2018. — N.159. — P.22-29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorensen, A.I.V. Risk factors for the occurrence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in Danish pig herds / A.I.V. Sorensen, V.F. Jensen, A. Boklund, T. Halasa, H. Christensen, N. Toft // Prev Vet Med. — 2018. — N.159. — P.22-29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bos, M.E. Livestock-associated MRSA prevalence in veal calf production is associated with farm hygiene, use of antimicrobials, and age of the calves / M.E. Bos, H. Graveland, L. Portengen, J.A. Wagenaar, D.J. Heederik // Prev Vet Med. — 2012. — V.105, N.1-2. — P.155-159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bos, M.E. Livestock-associated MRSA prevalence in veal calf production is associated with farm hygiene, use of antimicrobials, and age of the calves / M.E. Bos, H. Graveland, L. Portengen, J.A. Wagenaar, D.J. Heederik // Prev Vet Med. — 2012. — V.105, N.1-2. — P.155-159.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agabou, A. Emergence of Nasal Carriage of ST80 and ST152 PVL+ Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Livestock in Algeria / A. Agabou, Z. Ouchenane, C. Ngba Essebe, S. Khemissi, M.T.E Chehboub, I.B. Chehboub, A. Sotto, C. Duny-ach-Remy, J.P. Lavigne // Toxins (Basel). — 2017. — V.9, N.10. — pii:E303.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agabou, A. Emergence of Nasal Carriage of ST80 and ST152 PVL+ Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Livestock in Algeria / A. Agabou, Z. Ouchenane, C. Ngba Essebe, S. Khemissi, M.T.E Chehboub, I.B. Chehboub, A. Sotto, C. Duny-ach-Remy, J.P. Lavigne // Toxins (Basel). — 2017. — V.9, N.10. — pii:E303.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hansen, J.E. Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is widespread in farmed mink (Neovison vison) / J.E. Hansen, A.R. Larsen, R.L. Skov RL, M. Chriel, G. Larsen, 0. Angen, J. Larsen, D.C.K. Lassen, K. Pedersen // Vet Microbiol. — 2017 — N.207. — P.44-49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hansen, J.E. Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is widespread in farmed mink (Neovison vison) / J.E. Hansen, A.R. Larsen, R.L. Skov RL, M. Chriel, G. Larsen, 0. Angen, J. Larsen, D.C.K. Lassen, K. Pedersen // Vet Microbiol. — 2017 — N.207. — P.44-49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larsen, J. Evaluation of a widely used culture-based method for detection of livestock-associated meticillin-resis-tant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Denmark and Norway, 2014 to 2016 / J. Larsen, M. Sunde, M.Z. Islam, A.M. Urdahl,</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larsen, J. Evaluation of a widely used culture-based method for detection of livestock-associated meticillin-resis-tant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Denmark and Norway, 2014 to 2016 / J. Larsen, M. Sunde, M.Z. Islam, A.M. Urdahl,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
