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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2018-10-3-23-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-753</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Проблемная статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Problem article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ВИРУЛЕНТНОСТИ PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM И ПАТОГЕНЕЗА ТРОПИЧЕСКОЙ МАЛЯРИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MOLECULAR-GENETIC MECHANISMS OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM VIRULENCE AND TROPICAL MALARIA PATHOGENESIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uskov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заместитель директора по научной работе (по разработке и координации национальных и международных проектов),</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aouskov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloviev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор кафедры биологии,</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">solopiter@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравцов</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravtsov</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий кафедры биологии,</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kvyspb@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудков</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudkov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель кафедры инфекционных болезней (с курсом медицинской паразитологии и тропических заболеваний),</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gudkoff@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коломоец</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolomoets</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>руководитель медицинской службы,</p><p>Конакри</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Conakry</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Elena.Kolomoets@rusal.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левковский</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levkovskiy</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>управляющий госпиталем «Фригия», координатор научного клинико-диагностического центра эпидемиологии и микробиологии,</p><p>Конакри</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Conakry</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Andrey.Levkovskiy@rusal.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинская служба АО «Компания Бокситов Киндия» ОК «РУСАЛ»</institution><country>Гвинея</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical serves of Compagnie des Bauxites de Kindia (СВК of UC Rusal)</institution><country>Guinea</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Госпиталь «Фригия»</institution><country>Гвинея</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>«Phrygia» hospital</institution><country>Guinea</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Усков А.Н., Соловьев А.И., Кравцов В.Ю., Гудков Р.В., Коломоец Е.В., Левковский А.Е., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Усков А.Н., Соловьев А.И., Кравцов В.Ю., Гудков Р.В., Коломоец Е.В., Левковский А.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Uskov A.N., Soloviev A.I., Kravtsov V.Y., Gudkov R.V., Kolomoets E.V., Levkovskiy A.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/753">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/753</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен обобщенный анализ данных о молекулярно-генетических механизмах реализации патогенного действия возбудителей тропической малярии и их вирулентности. Определены современные тенденции научных исследований в этой области. Показано, что основной механизм патогенного действия P. falciparum связан с изменением свойств пораженных эритроцитов за счет формирования на их поверхности малярийных бугорков («knobs structure», «knobs»), на верхушке которых находятся особые структуры «ручки», образованные паразитарным белком PfEMP1 (Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1). Этот протеин выполняет роль основного фактора вирулентности P. falciparum. Комплекс PfEMP1 имеет сложную полиморфную структуру. Его отдельные области обладают способностью избирательно связываться с основными клеточными рецепторами, что приводит к адгезии пораженных эритроцитов на поверхности эндотелия, тромбозу капилляров и развитию диссеминированного внутрисосудистого свертывания. Отдельные компоненты главного фактора вирулентности обладают избирательной тропностью к различным тканям и органам. От структуры комплекса PfEMP1 и других факторов зависит тяжесть клинического течения малярийной инфекции. Состав полипептида PfEMP1 определяется комплексом генов (var-комплекс). В настоящее время выявлено около 60 различных вариантов var-комплекса, кодирующих различные нуклеотидные последовательности главного фактора вирулентности Pl. falciparum. Регуляция экспрессии генов, входящих в состав varкомплекса, осуществляется на молекулярно-генетическом, клеточном, тканевом уровне, а также за счет эпигенетических механизмов. Современные научные исследования в этой области направлены на изучение полиморфизма генов главного фактора вирулентности P. falciparum, выявление механизмов их дифференцированной экспрессии. Основные усилия сосредоточены на поиске молекулярно-генетических маркеров малярийной инфекции с целью разработки методов генодиагностики, а также создания эффективной противомалярийной вакцины.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>There is introduced the analysis of molecular-genetic mechanisms of tropical malaria pathogenesis and P. falciparum virulence. It is shown, that pathogenesis of tropical malaria is associated with the properties of red blood cells membrane surface (RBCs or erythrocytes) that are infected by P. falciparum. There are «knobs structures» on membrane surface infected RBCs. Knobs structures contains a complex of P. falciparum proteins – PfEMP1 (Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1). PfEMP1 is associated with virulence of P. falciparum. Complex PfEMP1 has difficult polymorphous structure. Domains of PfEMP1 are able to associate with different cell receptors. Virulence`s individual components of the main factor are selectively sensitive to different tissues and organs. The severity of the clinical malaria infection course depends on the complex structure PfEMP1 of malaria parasites. Composition of polypeptide PfEMP1 is determined by var-complex. Nowadays there are 60 variants of var-complex. Regulation of gene expression, forming part of the var-complex, is carried out on a molecular-genetic level, cellular level, tissue level. Modern research in this area are aimed to explore genes polymorphism of the virulence`s main factor, to identify mechanism of its differential expression. Search of molecular – genetic markers is relevant to develop methods of gene diagnostic and malaria vaccine.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>малярия</kwd><kwd>P. falciparum</kwd><kwd>геном</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетическая диагностика</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>основной фактор вирулентности</kwd><kwd>PfEMP1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>malaria</kwd><kwd>P. falciparum</kwd><kwd>PfEMP1</kwd><kwd>molecular and genetic diagnostics</kwd><kwd>genome</kwd><kwd>virulence</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранова, А.М. Малярия: диагностика, лечение и профилактика / А.М. Баранова // Инфекционные болезни: Новости. Мнения. Обучение. – 2014. – № 1. – С. 39–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranova, A.M. Malyariya: diagnostika, lechenie i profilaktika / A.M. 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