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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2017-9-4-5-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-650</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РОЛЬ ТРОМБОЦИТОВ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ БАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>РОЛЬ ТРОМБОЦИТОВ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ БАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серебряная</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serebryannaya</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Серебряная Наталья Борисовна – профессор кафедры клинической микологии, аллергологии и иммунологии Северо-Западного государственного медицинского университета им. И.И. Мечникова, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела общей патологии и патологический физиологии Института экспериментальной медицины, профессор кафедры гистологии и цитологии Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета, доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serebr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якуцени</surname><given-names>П. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakutseni</surname><given-names>P. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Якуцени Павел Павлович – главный научный сотрудник Центра перспективных исследований, доктор биологических наук.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ypp@csa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimko</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Климко Николай Николаевич – заведующий кафедрой клинической микологии, аллергологии и иммунологии, доктор медицинских наук, профессор. </p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n_klimko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова; Институт экспериментальной медицины; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov; Institute of Experimental Medicine; Saint-Petersburg State University.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный политехнический университет Петра Великого.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnic University of Peter the Great.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Серебряная Н.Б., Якуцени П.П., Климко Н.Н., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Серебряная Н.Б., Якуцени П.П., Климко Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Serebryannaya N.B., Yakutseni P.P., Klimko N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/650">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/650</self-uri><abstract><p>За последние годы скопилась критическая масса информации, которая позволила определить тромбоциты как клетки врожденного иммунитета, обеспечивающие инициацию воспаления и защитных иммунных реакций. В представленном обзоре литературы тромбоциты рассмотрены с точки зрения их участия в реакциях антибактериального иммунитета. Описаны механизмы, позволяющие тромбоцитам распознавать бактерии и их растворимые продукты, характерные как для клеток иммунной системы (через рецепторы TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 и TLR9, FcγRIIa и рецепторы для компонентов комплемента), так и для структур, задействованных в процессе гемостаза (через рецепторы GPIb, GPIIb-IIIa). Следствием распознавания бактерий является активация тромбоцитов, инициация ими гемокоагуляции и врожденного иммунного ответа. Показана способность тромбоцитов фагоцитировать бактерии и останавливать их рост за счет выраженного микробицидного потенциала (который описывается как тромбоцидины, или микробицидные белки тромбоцитов, и β-дефензины человека hBD-1, -2 и -3), которым обладают эти безъядерные клетки. Обсуждается, что бактерии активно противодействуют антимикробным реакциям тромбоцитов, в том числе используя различные токсины. Выделено несколько групп бактериальных токсинов, которые активируют тромбоциты, разрушая электрохимический градиент плазматической мембраны, перфорируя ее. Ряд токсинов вызывают активацию тромбоцитов и клеток иммунной системы, действуя как суперантигены. В реакциях антибактериального иммунитета тромбоциты привлекают нейтрофилы, моноциты и активируют систему комплемента. При этом тромбоциты действуют совместно с этими клетками и белками, способствуя полному раскрытию микробицидного потенциала фагоцитов и комплемента. Особенно это важно при инфекциях бактериями, контролировать которые не способны только моноциты/макрофаги или только тромбоциты, но, объединяясь, они создают необходимые условия для клиренса патогенных бактерий из циркуляции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, a critical mass of information has accumulated, which has made it possible to equate platelets to the cells of innate immunity, which ensures the initiation of inflammation and the reactions of innate immunity. In the presented review platelets were examined from the point of view of antibacterial immune reactions. Mechanisms that allow platelets to recognize bacteria and their soluble products as characteristic of immune cells (via TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9, FcγRIIa and receptors for complement components), as well as the mechanisms involved in the hemostasis process (GPIb, GPIIb-IIIa). The consequence of the recognition of bacteria is the activation of platelets, the initiation of hemocoagulation and the innate immune response. The ability of platelets to phagocyte bacteriae and stop their growth due to the pronounced microbicidal potential (thrombocidins or microbicidal proteins of platelets and human β-defensins hBD-1, -2 and-3), which these anucleate cells possess, is shown. Discussed that bacteria actively oppose antimicrobial reactions, including using various toxins. Several groups of bacterial toxins have been isolated that activate platelets, destroying the electrochemical gradient of the plasma membrane through membrane perforation. A number of toxins cause the activation of platelets and cells of the immune system, acting as superantigens. In the antibacterial immunity, platelets attract neutrophils, monocytes and activate the complement system. In this case, platelets act together with these cells and proteins, promoting the full disclosure of the microbicidal potential of phagocytes and complement. This is especially important for bacterial infections, which monocytes / macrophages or only platelets cannot control, but, combining, they create the necessary conditions for the clearance of pathogenic bacteria from circulation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тромбоциты</kwd><kwd>бактерии</kwd><kwd>токсины</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>инфекционный эндокардит</kwd><kwd>сепсис</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>platelets</kwd><kwd>bacteriae</kwd><kwd>toxins</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>infective endocarditis</kwd><kwd>sepsis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серебряная, Н.Б. 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