<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2015-7-3-119-125</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-430</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕЛЬТА-СОЧЕТАННОЙ И МНОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ В САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiological features Delta together multiple infection in Saint-Petersburg</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нечаев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nechaev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней Северо-Западного государственного медицинского университета им. И.И. Мечникова, д.м.н., профессор; тел.: +7-953-345-14-48</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nechaev-tropica@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федуняк</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedunyak</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней Северо-Западного государственного медицинского университета им. И.И. Мечникова, заместитель главного врача по медицинской части Клинической инфекционной больницы им. С.П. Боткина, к.м.н; тел.: 8(812)717-77-61</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">botkin_hosp@zdrav.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Погромская</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pogromskaja</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней Северо-Западного государственного медицинского университета им. И.И. Мечникова, врач-инфекционист Клинической инфекционной больницы им. С.П. Боткина, к.м.н.; тел.: 8(812)717-77-61</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oms.botkin30@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербак</surname><given-names>Л. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Scherbak</surname><given-names>L. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эпидемиолог, заведующая отделом эвакуации и госпитализации Клинической инфекционной больницы им. С.П. Боткина; тел.: +7-911-028-23-37</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hosp30h@il.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пожидаева</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozhidaeva</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая отделом учета и регистрации инфекционных и паразитарных заболеваний Управления Роспотребнадзора по г. Санкт-Петербургу; тел.: +7-921-300-15-75</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">In.pozhidaeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Диевская</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dievskaya</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эпидемиолог отдела эвакуации и госпитализации Клинической инфекционной больницы им. С.П. Боткина; тел.: 8(812)717-89-50,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hosp30h@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гренберг</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gronberg</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эпидемиолог отдела эвакуации и госпитализации Клинической инфекционной больницы им. С.П. Боткина, тел.: 8(812)717-89-50</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hosp30h@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хмелькова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hmelkova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая отделением № 7 Клинической инфекционной больницы им. С.П. Боткина; тел.: +7-905-235-08-58</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шкварок</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schkwarok</surname><given-names>Yu. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая отделением № 8 Клинической инфекционной больницы им. С.П. Боткина, тел.: +7-921-328-26-53</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор Санкт-Петербургского научно-исследовательского института фтизиопульмонологии, д.м.н., профессор; тел.: +7-911-826-80-48</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pargolovo@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint-Petersburg, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова, Санкт-Петербург, Россия&#13;
&#13;
Клиническая инфекционная больница им. С.П. Боткина, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint-Petersburg, Russia&#13;
&#13;
Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin , Saint-Petersburg, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиническая инфекционная больница им. С.П. Боткина, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin , Saint-Petersburg, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Управление Роспотребнадзора по г. Санкт-Петербургу, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal service on customers’ rights protection and human well-being surveillance in Saint-Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Science Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>119</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нечаев В.В., Федуняк И.П., Погромская М.Н., Щербак Л.Л., Пожидаева Л.Н., Диевская В.В., Гренберг А.Ф., Хмелькова И.А., Шкварок Ю.М., Иванов А.К., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нечаев В.В., Федуняк И.П., Погромская М.Н., Щербак Л.Л., Пожидаева Л.Н., Диевская В.В., Гренберг А.Ф., Хмелькова И.А., Шкварок Ю.М., Иванов А.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nechaev V.V., Fedunyak I.P., Pogromskaja M.N., Scherbak L.L., Pozhidaeva L.N., Dievskaya V.V., Gronberg A.F., Hmelkova I.A., Schkwarok Y.M., Ivanov A.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/430">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/430</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучены эпидемиологические особенности дельта-гепатита как сочетанной инфекции в Санкт-Петербурге за 14-летний период (2002–2014 гг.) и клинико-лабораторные данные 232 пациентов (ВГВ+ВГД – первая группа, ВГВ+ВГС+ВГД – вторая группа, ВГВ+ВГС+ВГД+ВИЧ-инфекция – третья группа), госпитализированных в Клиническую инфекционную больницу им С.П. Боткина в этот период. Выявлен 2-кратный рост суммарных показателей сочетанной инфекции к 2014 г. за счет пациентов первой группы. У 49,6% больных диагностированы хронические и реже острые формы ВГВ в сочетании с дельта-инфекцией, в 24,5% случаев дельта инфекция ассоциировалась с хроническими формами гепатита В и С, в 25,9% случаев имела место множественная инфекция (ХГВ+ХГС+ВГД+ВИЧ). У 75,8% пациентов определена дельта суперинфекция, у 24,2% – ко-инфекция. Отмеченный рост сочетаний дельта-гепатита с другими гепатитами в последние годы обусловлен как накоплением эпидемического потенциала хронических гепатитов В и С в популяции, так и увеличением численности «завозных» случаев мигрантами в мегаполис (с 8,8% до 37,2%).Цитолитический компонент, характеризуемый частотой повышенных показателей активности АлАт в момент госпитализации, был наиболее выражен в первой группе и минимален в третьей группе. Однако средние значения активности АлАт у пациентов 1-й группы при обострениях процесса были в 2 раза ниже, чем во второй и третьей. При острой дельта-инфекции средние значения АлАт и АсАт снижались от 1-й группы к третьей. АсАт в группах имела такие же тенденции, как и АлАт. У пациентов 3-й группы отмечена более высокая летальность по сравнению с другими группами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Studied the epidemiological features of the delta as a coinfection of hepatitis B in Saint-Petersburg for 14-year period (2002–2014). Clinical and laboratory data of 232 patients admitted to Botkin CIB them during this period. Revealed a 2-fold increase in performance of co-infection (Br + + IOP HIV) by 2014. In 49,6% of patients (group 1) were diagnosed less often chronic and acute forms of HBV in combination with delta infection. In 24,5% of cases (group 2) delta infection is associated with chronic hepatitis B and C. In the remaining 25,9% of the cases (B group) occurred multiple infection(HBV + HCV + HIV + IOP). Based on the clinical and epidemiological and laboratory data in 75,8% of patients defined delta superinfection, at 24,2% – co-infection. The marked increase in co-delta infection in recent years due to the accumulation of the potential epidemic of chronic hepatitis B in the population and the increase in the number of imported cases from 8,8% to 37,2% of migrants in the city. Cytolytic components, characterized by higher rates of ALT activity was most pronounced in the first group and the third group is minimal. However, the mean activity values for patients of the 3rd group were higher than in the first. ACAT groups had the same tendency as AlAt. Patients third group was a higher mortality, compared with other groups.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дельта-сочетанная инфекция</kwd><kwd>эпидемиологические особенности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>delta co-infection</kwd><kwd>epidemiological features</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farci P. Delta Hepatitis: an update J// Hepatology 2003; 39: s212-s219.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farci P. Delta Hepatitis: an update J// Hepatology 2003; 39: s212-s219.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stroffolini T.,Almasio P.L.,Sagnelli E. et al. Evolving clinical lands cape of chronic hepatitis B: a multicenter Italian study// J. Med Virol 2009:81. P 1999-2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stroffolini T.,Almasio P.L.,Sagnelli E. et al. Evolving clinical lands cape of chronic hepatitis B: a multicenter Italian study// J. Med Virol 2009:81. P 1999-2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaeta GB, Stroffolini T, Chiaramonte M, et al. Chronic hepatitis D: A vanishing disease? An Italian multicenter study// Hepatology 2000;32: P. 824–827</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaeta GB, Stroffolini T, Chiaramonte M, et al. Chronic hepatitis D: A vanishing disease? An Italian multicenter study// Hepatology 2000;32: P. 824–827</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buti M.,Homs M., Rodriquez-Frias F. et al. Clinical outcome of acute and chronic hepatitis delta in Italy. A long-term follow-up study. J Viral Hepat., 2011:18, P. 434-442.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buti M.,Homs M., Rodriquez-Frias F. et al. Clinical outcome of acute and chronic hepatitis delta in Italy. A long-term follow-up study. J Viral Hepat., 2011:18, P. 434-442.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rizzetto M. and Ciancio A. Epidemiology of Hepatitis D/Seminar Liver Dis., 2012: 32., P.211-219.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rizzetto M. and Ciancio A. Epidemiology of Hepatitis D/Seminar Liver Dis., 2012: 32., P.211-219.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Servant-Delmas A., Le Gal F., Gallian P. et al. Increasing prevalence of HDV/HBV infection over 15 years in France. J Clin Virol, 2014:59. P. 126-128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Servant-Delmas A., Le Gal F., Gallian P. et al. Increasing prevalence of HDV/HBV infection over 15 years in France. J Clin Virol, 2014:59. P. 126-128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Isembetov К.I.,Аbdurakhimov D.T., Odinzov А.V., Мuchin N.А. Risk progressirovanija i prichini letalnogo ishoda pri chronicheskom virusnom hepatite // Ross. Zhurnal Gastroenterologii, hepatologii, koloproctologii. – 2013. – T. 23. – №3. – S 49-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isembetov К.I.,Аbdurakhimov D.T., Odinzov А.V., Мuchin N.А. Risk progressirovanija i prichini letalnogo ishoda pri chronicheskom virusnom hepatite // Ross. Zhurnal Gastroenterologii, hepatologii, koloproctologii. – 2013. – T. 23. – №3. – S 49-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maximov S.L. Klinicheskoe techenie, ischodi I lechenie virusnih hepatitiv u bolnih VICH infectiei. Avtoref. diss. … doctora medizinskih nauk. – Моslwa. – 2010. – 45 s.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maximov S.L. Klinicheskoe techenie, ischodi I lechenie virusnih hepatitiv u bolnih VICH infectiei. Avtoref. diss. … doctora medizinskih nauk. – Моslwa. – 2010. – 45 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rizzetto M. and Alavian S.M. Hepatitis delta: the rediscovery. Clin. Liver Dis. 2013: 17. 475-487.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rizzetto M. and Alavian S.M. Hepatitis delta: the rediscovery. Clin. Liver Dis. 2013: 17. 475-487.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rizzetto M. Hepatitis D virus: Introduction and Epidemiology//Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 2015:5, 28July, a021576.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rizzetto M. Hepatitis D virus: Introduction and Epidemiology//Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 2015:5, 28July, a021576.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аbdurakhimov D.T Chronicheskii hepatit B i D. М.: Гэотар-медиа, 2010. – 296 s.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Аbdurakhimov D.T Chronicheskii hepatit B i D. М.: Гэотар-медиа, 2010. – 296 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ziace M., Azarkar Gh. Prevalence of Hepatitis D virus Infection among Patients with chronic Hepatitis B attending Birjand Hepatitis Clinic (East of Iran), in 2012. Hepatitis Montly. 2013. 13 (8): e.11168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ziace M., Azarkar Gh. Prevalence of Hepatitis D virus Infection among Patients with chronic Hepatitis B attending Birjand Hepatitis Clinic (East of Iran), in 2012. Hepatitis Montly. 2013. 13 (8): e.11168.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chulanov V.P.,Shipulina О.Y., Shipulin I.V. I drugie. Virusnie hepatiti sochetannoi etioligii. Gastroportal segolny.- www.gastroportal.ru.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chulanov V.P.,Shipulina О.Y., Shipulin I.V. I drugie. Virusnie hepatiti sochetannoi etioligii. Gastroportal segolny.- www.gastroportal.ru.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hajiani E., Masjedizadeh R., Hashemi J.[ et al]. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B in Khuzestan province, Southwest Iran. Hepatitis Monthly.2009. 9: 34-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hajiani E., Masjedizadeh R., Hashemi J.[ et al]. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B in Khuzestan province, Southwest Iran. Hepatitis Monthly.2009. 9: 34-38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niro G.A.,Casey J.L., Gravinese E. et al. Intrafamilian transmission of hepatitis delta virus: molecular evidence. J. Hepatology.1999. 30: 564-569.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niro G.A.,Casey J.L., Gravinese E. et al. Intrafamilian transmission of hepatitis delta virus: molecular evidence. J. Hepatology.1999. 30: 564-569.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brancaccio G, Giuberti T, Verucchi G. et al. Epidemiological evolution of chronic hepatitis delta in Italy. An analysis of the master-B cohort. 2014. Dig Liv Dis 46: e12–e13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brancaccio G, Giuberti T, Verucchi G. et al. Epidemiological evolution of chronic hepatitis delta in Italy. An analysis of the master-B cohort. 2014. Dig Liv Dis 46: e12–e13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cross TJ, Rizzi P, Horner M, et al. The increasing prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in south London. J Med Virol. 2008. 80: 277–282.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cross TJ, Rizzi P, Horner M, et al. The increasing prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in south London. J Med Virol. 2008. 80: 277–282.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Getahun H, Baddeley A, Raviglione M. Managing tuberculosis in heople who use and inject illict drugs. Bull WHO. 2013. 91:154-156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Getahun H, Baddeley A, Raviglione M. Managing tuberculosis in heople who use and inject illict drugs. Bull WHO. 2013. 91:154-156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhavoronok S.V.,Romanovskii R.V.,Pavlovich G.L. et al. Hepatitis B and delta infections in patients with tuberculosis. Probl Tuberk, 1991. N 10, P. 34-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhavoronok S.V.,Romanovskii R.V.,Pavlovich G.L. et al. Hepatitis B and delta infections in patients with tuberculosis. Probl Tuberk, 1991. N 10, P. 34-36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galizkii L.А.,Zarezkii B.V., Lebedinez A.I. Virusnii hepatit В vo wtiziatricheskoi praktike / Bolshoi zelevoi zhurnal o tuberculose. 1999. №4. – С.1-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galizkii L.А.,Zarezkii B.V., Lebedinez A.I. Virusnii hepatit В vo wtiziatricheskoi praktike / Bolshoi zelevoi zhurnal o tuberculose. 1999. №4. – С.1-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nazarov V.Yu.,Nechaev V.V.,Ivanov A.K. et al. Viral hepatitis as co-infection.Of the past to the present and future. J infectology. 2013. Т. 5 (2). – S. 90-95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nazarov V.Yu.,Nechaev V.V.,Ivanov A.K. et al. Viral hepatitis as co-infection.Of the past to the present and future. J infectology. 2013. Т. 5 (2). – S. 90-95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toossi Z. Virological and immunological impact of tuberculosis on numan immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease. J. Infect Dis. 2003; 188: 1146-1155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toossi Z. Virological and immunological impact of tuberculosis on numan immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease. J. Infect Dis. 2003; 188: 1146-1155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
