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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2014-6-4-53-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-358</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфометрическая оценка реактивности астроцитов у недоношенных и доношенных детей при инфекционной патологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphometric evaluation of the astrocytes reactivity in preterm and term infants with infectious diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барашкова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barashkova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заочный аспирант отдела тканевых и патоморфологических методов исследования Научно-исследовательского института детских инфекций, заведующая патолого-анатомическим отделением, врач-патологоанатом Детской городской больницы № 19 им. К.А. Раухфуса; тел.: 8(812)578-75-64</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">patanatomdgb19@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт детских инфекций, Санкт-Петербург, Россия&#13;
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Детская городская больница № 19 им. К.А. Раухфуса, Санкт-Петербург, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Science Research Institute of Children’s Infections, Saint-Petersburg, Russia&#13;
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Children’s City Hospital № 19 named after K.A. Raukhfus, Saint-Petersburg, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Барашкова С.В., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Барашкова С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Barashkova S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/358">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/358</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: дать характеристику состояния астроцитарной глии в белом веществе головного мозга у недоношенных и доношенных детей при инфекционной патологии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: исследование перивентрикулярного белого вещества головного мозга было выполнено на материале от 56 умерших детей, из них 35 родилось недоношенными (24–36 недель гестации). Различные инфекционные заболевания были диагностированы у 25 детей, у остальных детей в клинической картине преобладали гипоксически-ишемические повреждения головного мозга. В качестве иммуногистохимического маркера реактивных астроцитов использовали антитела к глиальному кислому белку астроцитов. Выраженность реактивных изменений астроцитов оценивали по разработанной морфометрической шкале в зависимости от показателя среднего процента экспрессии маркера в цитоплазме астроцитов в переднем и заднем рогах боковых желудочков от общей площади исследованных участков: степень 0 – до 1,4%, I степень – 1,5– 6%, II степень – 6,1–15%, III степень – свыше 15,1%.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: сравнение иммуноморфометрических показателей белого вещества не выявило значимых различий в группах с инфекциями и гипоксическими состояниями. У детей, родившихся на 24–33-й неделях гестации, в 54,84% случаев определяются слабые реактивные изменения астроглии, тогда как у детей, родившихся после 34-й недели гестации, чаще наблюдаются умеренная и выраженная степени (в совокупности 69,6%), что обусловлено созреванием астроцитов. Выраженные реактивные изменения астроцитов в 64,3% случаев сопровождаются развитием некротических очагов в перивентрикулярной области белого вещества, по нашим данным, в результате прогрессирующих дегенеративных изменений в астроцитах наиболее чувствительных к инфекционной патологии или гипоксии-ишемии. Остальные случаи относятся к тяжелому телэнцефальному глиозу, возможно, часть из них имеют недиагностированные очаги некрозов за пределами изучаемых нами участков мозга.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: морфометрическое исследование белого вещества перивентрикулярной области головного мозга с использованием маркера астроцитов позволяет оценить их реактивные изменения и провести дифференциальную диагностику основных форм поражений нервной ткани.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: the aim of our work is to describe a condition of the reactive astrocytes in the white matter in preterm and term infants with infectious diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: postmortem investigation of periventricular white matter performed on material from 56 children, 35 of them were born preterm (24–36 weeks gestation).Twenty-five children diagnosed with various infectious diseases, other have had clinical signs of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Immunohistochemical expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein was used as a marker for reactive astrocyte. We estimated the degree of the astrocytes reactivity, according to the mean percentage of the marker expression in anterior and posterior horns of the lateral ventricles: stage 0 – 0–1,4%, I stage – 1,5–6%, II stage – 6,1–15%, III stage – above 15,1%.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: comparison of the morphometric marks of the white matter showed no significant differences between groups with infections and hypoxic pathology. In 54.84% of children born at 24–33 weeks gestation determined weak stage of astroglial reactivity. Whereas due to maturation of astrocytes in children born after 34 weeks of gestation more common moderate and severe stages of astrocytes reactivity (collectively, 69,6%) was detected. Severe stage of the reactive astrocytes accompanied by the development of necrotic lesions in the periventricular white matter in 64,3% of cases, in our opinion, as a result of progressive degenerative process in glial cells. The remaining cases relates to the severe telencephalic leukoencephalopathy, perhaps some of them may contain undiagnosed necrosis outside of the white matter regions estimated in our study.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: morphometric study of the periventricular white matter using a marker of astrocytes allows to assess their reactive changes and to perform differential diagnosis of main forms of white matter injury in infants.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>повреждение белого вещества</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd><kwd>GFAP</kwd><kwd>реактивные астроциты</kwd><kwd>недоношенные дети</kwd><kwd>доношенные дети</kwd><kwd>инфекционная патология</kwd><kwd>гипоксия-ишемия.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>white matter injury</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd><kwd>GFAP</kwd><kwd>reactive astrocytes</kwd><kwd>preterm</kwd><kwd>term</kwd><kwd>infections</kwd><kwd>hypoxia-ischemia.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li J, Ramenaden R, Peng J, Koito H, Volpe JJ, Rosenberg PA. 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