jofinЖурнал инфектологииJournal Infectology2072-6732IPO “АIDSSPbR"10.22625/2072-6732-2011-3-3-12-17jofin-34Research ArticleОбзорыReviewГЕМОФАГОЦИТАРНЫЙ СИНДРОМ ПРИ ОСТРЫХ РЕСПИРАТОРНЫХ ВИРУСНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЯХHemophagocytic syndrome in acute respiratory viral infectionsШипиловМ. В.ShipilovM. V.

врач-эксперт ООО «Смоленскмединвест», к.м.н.; тел.: 8-951-694-41-68

mshipilov@rambler.ruООО «Смоленскмединвест», СмоленскРоссия«Smolenskmedinvest», SmolenskRussian Federation201105092014331217Copyright © Шипилов М.В., 20142014Шипилов М.В.Shipilov M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/34

В обзоре представлены определение, классификация, особенности патогенеза, критерии диагностики и описание клинических наблюдений недостаточно известного для врачей общей практики гемофагоцитарного синдрома, который может осложнить тяжёлое течение острых респираторных вирусных инфекций: гриппа, парагриппа, аденовирусной инфекции, респираторно-синцитиальной вирусной инфекции. Данный синдром может возникнуть у лиц без иммунодефицита и нередко приводит к летальному исходу.

This review presents the definition, classification, characteristics of the pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria and description of clinical observations not known to general practitioners hemophagocytic syndrome, which may complicate the severity of acute respiratory viral infections: influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus infection, respiratory syncytial virus infection. This syndrome can occur in people without immune deficiency, and often leads to death.

гемофагоцитарный синдромострые респираторные вирусные инфекциипатогенезцитокиныhemophagocytic syndromeacute respiratory viral infectionpathogenesiscytokinesReferencesScott, R. Histiocytic medullary reticulosis / R. Scott, A. Robb-Smith // Lancet. – 1939. – V. 2. – P. 194–198.Scott, R. Histiocytic medullary reticulosis / R. Scott, A. Robb-Smith // Lancet. – 1939. – V. 2. – P. 194–198.Chen, D.Y. Proinflammatory cytokine profiles in sera and pathological tissues of patients with active untreated adult onset Still’s disease / D.Y. Chen, J.L. Lan, F.J. Lin, T.Y. Hsieh // J. Rheumatol. – 2004. – V. 31, № 11. – P. 2189–2198.Chen, D.Y. Proinflammatory cytokine profiles in sera and pathological tissues of patients with active untreated adult onset Still’s disease / D.Y. Chen, J.L. Lan, F.J. Lin, T.Y. Hsieh // J. Rheumatol. – 2004. – V. 31, № 11. – P. 2189–2198.Saiki, O. Adult Still’s disease reflects a Th2 rather than a Th 1 cytokine profile / O. Saiki, H. Uda, N. Nishimoto et al //Clin. immune. – 2004. – V. 112. – P. 120–125.Saiki, O. Adult Still’s disease reflects a Th2 rather than a Th 1 cytokine profile / O. Saiki, H. Uda, N. Nishimoto et al //Clin. immune. – 2004. – V. 112. – P. 120–125.Efthimion, P. Pathogenesis and management of AOSD /P. Efthimion, S. Georgy // Semin. Arthr. Rheum. – 2006. –V. 36, № 3. – P. 144–152.Efthimion, P. Pathogenesis and management of AOSD /P. Efthimion, S. Georgy // Semin. Arthr. Rheum. – 2006. –V. 36, № 3. – P. 144–152.Henter, J.-I. HLH-2004: Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis /J.-I. Henter [et al.] // Pediatr. Blood Cancer. – 2007. – V. 48. – P. 124–131.Henter, J.-I. HLH-2004: Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis /J.-I. Henter [et al.] // Pediatr. Blood Cancer. – 2007. – V. 48. – P. 124–131.Janka, G.E. Modern management of children with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis / G.E. Janka, E.M. Schenider //Br. J. Haematol. – 2004. – V. 124. – P. 4–14.Janka, G.E. Modern management of children with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis / G.E. Janka, E.M. Schenider //Br. J. Haematol. – 2004. – V. 124. – P. 4–14.Fietta, P. The hemophagocytic syndrome (macrophage activation syndrome) / P. Fietta, P. Manganelli // Minerva Med. – 2003. – V. 94, № 1. – P. 19–27.Fietta, P. The hemophagocytic syndrome (macrophage activation syndrome) / P. Fietta, P. Manganelli // Minerva Med. – 2003. – V. 94, № 1. – P. 19–27.Балабанова, Р.М. Синдром Стилла у взрослых: диагностика и лечение / Р.М. Балабанова, О.Н. Егорова // Современная ревматология. – 2009. – № 3. – С. 30–32.Балабанова, Р.М. Синдром Стилла у взрослых: диагностика и лечение / Р.М. Балабанова, О.Н. Егорова // Современная ревматология. – 2009. – № 3. – С. 30–32.Risdall, R.J., Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. A benign histiocytic proliferation distinct from malignant histiocytosis / R.J. Risdall [et al.] // Cancer. – 1979. – V. 44. – P. 993–1002.Risdall, R.J., Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. A benign histiocytic proliferation distinct from malignant histiocytosis / R.J. Risdall [et al.] // Cancer. – 1979. – V. 44. – P. 993–1002.Henter, J.-I. The FHL Study Group of the Histiocyte Society. Diagnostic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis / J.-I. Henter, G. Elinder, A. Ost // Semin. Oncol. – 1991. – V. 18. – P. 29–33.Henter, J.-I. The FHL Study Group of the Histiocyte Society. Diagnostic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis / J.-I. Henter, G. Elinder, A. Ost // Semin. Oncol. – 1991. – V. 18. – P. 29–33.Henter, J.-I. Histiocytic syndromes / J.-I. Henter, C. Tondini, J. Pritchard // Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. – 2004. – V. 50. – P. 157–174.Henter, J.-I. Histiocytic syndromes / J.-I. Henter, C. Tondini, J. Pritchard // Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. – 2004. – V. 50. – P. 157–174.Li, Z.Y. Analysis of primary symptoms and disease spectrum in Epstein-Barr virus infected children / Z.Y. Li, J.G. Lou, J. Chen // Zhonghua. Er. Ke. Za. Zhi. – 2004. – V. 42, № 1. – P. 20–22.Li, Z.Y. Analysis of primary symptoms and disease spectrum in Epstein-Barr virus infected children / Z.Y. Li, J.G. Lou, J. Chen // Zhonghua. Er. Ke. Za. Zhi. – 2004. – V. 42, № 1. – P. 20–22.Berry, P.A. Multiple organ failure and severe bone marrow dysfunction in two 18 year-old Caucasian patients: Epstein-Barr virus and the haemophagocytic syndrome / P.A. Berry [et al.] // Anaesthesia. – 2008. – V. 63, № 11. – P. 1249–1254.Berry, P.A. Multiple organ failure and severe bone marrow dysfunction in two 18 year-old Caucasian patients: Epstein-Barr virus and the haemophagocytic syndrome / P.A. Berry [et al.] // Anaesthesia. – 2008. – V. 63, № 11. – P. 1249–1254.Przybylski, M. Microbiological findings and treatment of EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report / M. Przybylski [et al.] // Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz.). – 2010. – V. 58, № 3. – P. 247–252.Przybylski, M. Microbiological findings and treatment of EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report / M. Przybylski [et al.] // Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz.). – 2010. – V. 58, № 3. – P. 247–252.Kitazawa, Y. A case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocyto sis after the primary Epstein-Barr virus infection / Y. Kitazawa [et al.] // Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. – 2007. – V. 13, № 3. – P. 323–328.Kitazawa, Y. A case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocyto sis after the primary Epstein-Barr virus infection / Y. Kitazawa [et al.] // Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. – 2007. – V. 13, № 3. – P. 323–328.Komatsuda, A. Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome due to measles accompanied by acute respiratory failure / A. Komatsuda, A. Chubachi, A.B. Miura // Intern. Med. – 1995. – V. 34, № 3. – P. 203–206.Komatsuda, A. Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome due to measles accompanied by acute respiratory failure / A. Komatsuda, A. Chubachi, A.B. Miura // Intern. Med. – 1995. – V. 34, № 3. – P. 203–206.Quintanilla-Martinez, L. Fulminant EBV(+) T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder following acute/chronic EBV infection: a distinct clinicopathologic syndrome / L. Quintanilla-Martinez [et al.] // Blood. – 2000. – V. 96, № 2. – P. 443–451.Quintanilla-Martinez, L. Fulminant EBV(+) T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder following acute/chronic EBV infection: a distinct clinicopathologic syndrome / L. Quintanilla-Martinez [et al.] // Blood. – 2000. – V. 96, № 2. – P. 443–451.Devecioglu, O. Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated by secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis / O. Devecioglu [et al.] // Pediatr. Blood Cancer. – 2009. – V. 53, № 3. – P. 491–492.Devecioglu, O. Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated by secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis / O. Devecioglu [et al.] // Pediatr. Blood Cancer. – 2009. – V. 53, № 3. – P. 491–492.Ng, W.F. The comparative pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome and avian influenza A subtype H5N1 – a review / W.F. Ng [et al.] // Hum. Pathol. – 2006. – V. 37, № 4. – P. 381–390.Ng, W.F. The comparative pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome and avian influenza A subtype H5N1 – a review / W.F. Ng [et al.] // Hum. Pathol. – 2006. – V. 37, № 4. – P. 381–390.Bal, A. Fulminant parvovirus B19-associated pancarditis with haemophagocytic lympho-istiocytosis in an immunocompetent adult / A. Bal [et al.] // APMIS. – 2009. – V. 117, № 10. – P. 773–777.Bal, A. Fulminant parvovirus B19-associated pancarditis with haemophagocytic lympho-istiocytosis in an immunocompetent adult / A. Bal [et al.] // APMIS. – 2009. – V. 117, № 10. – P. 773–777.Cusini, A. Hemophagocytic syndrome caused by primary herpes simplex virus 1 infection: report of a first case / A. Cusini [et al.] // Infection. – 2010. – V. 38, № 5. – P. 423–426.Cusini, A. Hemophagocytic syndrome caused by primary herpes simplex virus 1 infection: report of a first case / A. Cusini [et al.] // Infection. – 2010. – V. 38, № 5. – P. 423–426.Mou, S.S. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis complicating influenza A infection / S.S. Mou [et al.] //Pediatrics. – 2006. – V. 118, № 1. – P. 216–219.Mou, S.S. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis complicating influenza A infection / S.S. Mou [et al.] //Pediatrics. – 2006. – V. 118, № 1. – P. 216–219.Ando, M. Virus associated hemophagocytic syndrome accompanied by acute respiratory failure caused by influenza A (H3N2) / M. Ando [et al.] // Intern. Med. – 2006. – V. 45, № 20. – P. 1183–1186.Ando, M. Virus associated hemophagocytic syndrome accompanied by acute respiratory failure caused by influenza A (H3N2) / M. Ando [et al.] // Intern. Med. – 2006. – V. 45, № 20. – P. 1183–1186.Samransamruajkit, R. Prevalence, clinical presentations and complications among hospitalized children with influenza pneumonia / R. Samransamruajkit [et al.] // Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. – 2008. – V. 61, № 6. – P. 446–449.Samransamruajkit, R. Prevalence, clinical presentations and complications among hospitalized children with influenza pneumonia / R. Samransamruajkit [et al.] // Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. – 2008. – V. 61, № 6. – P. 446–449.Henter, J.I. Cytotoxic therapy for severe avian influenza A (H5N1) infection / J.I. Henter [et al.] // Lancet. – 2006. – V. 367, № 9513. – P. 870–873.Henter, J.I. Cytotoxic therapy for severe avian influenza A (H5N1) infection / J.I. Henter [et al.] // Lancet. – 2006. – V. 367, № 9513. – P. 870–873.Nakamura, K. Proliferation of lung macrophages in acute fatal viral infections in chickens / K. Nakamura [et al.] // Avian Dis. – 2001. – V. 45, № 4. – P. 813–818.Nakamura, K. Proliferation of lung macrophages in acute fatal viral infections in chickens / K. Nakamura [et al.] // Avian Dis. – 2001. – V. 45, № 4. – P. 813–818.Jong, M.D. Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia / M.D. Jong [et al.] // Nat. Med. – 2006. – V. 12. – P. 1203–1207.Jong, M.D. Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia / M.D. Jong [et al.] // Nat. Med. – 2006. – V. 12. – P. 1203–1207.Zhang, W. Clinical characteristic analysis of the first human case infected by influenza A (H5N1) in Jiangxi Province /W. Zhang [et al.] // W. Zhang [et al.] – 2006. – V. 29, № 5. – P. 300–306.Zhang, W. Clinical characteristic analysis of the first human case infected by influenza A (H5N1) in Jiangxi Province /W. Zhang [et al.] // W. Zhang [et al.] – 2006. – V. 29, № 5. – P. 300–306.To, K.F. Pathology of fatal human infection associated with avian influenza A H5N1 virus / K.F. To [et al.] // J. Med. Virol. – 2001. – V. 63, № 3. – P. 242–246.To, K.F. Pathology of fatal human infection associated with avian influenza A H5N1 virus / K.F. To [et al.] // J. Med. Virol. – 2001. – V. 63, № 3. – P. 242–246.Hsieh, Y.C. Influenza pandemics: past, present and future / Y.C. Hsieh [et al.] // J. Formos. Med. Assoc. – 2006. – V. 105, № 1. – P. 1–6.Hsieh, Y.C. Influenza pandemics: past, present and future / Y.C. Hsieh [et al.] // J. Formos. Med. Assoc. – 2006. – V. 105, № 1. – P. 1–6.Kuiken, T. Comparative Pathology of Select Agent Influenza A Virus Infections / T. Kuiken [et al.] // Vet. Pathol. – 2010. – P. 3.Kuiken, T. Comparative Pathology of Select Agent Influenza A Virus Infections / T. Kuiken [et al.] // Vet. Pathol. – 2010. – P. 3.Hagau, N. Clinical aspects and cytokine response in severe H1N1 influenza A virus infection / N. Hagau [et al.] //Crit. Care. – 2010. – V. 14, № 6. – P. 203.Hagau, N. Clinical aspects and cytokine response in severe H1N1 influenza A virus infection / N. Hagau [et al.] //Crit. Care. – 2010. – V. 14, № 6. – P. 203.Cheng, X.W. Three fatal cases of pandemic 2009 influenza A virus infection in Shenzhen are associated with cytokine storm / X.W. Cheng [et al.] // Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. – 2011. – V. 175, № 1. – Р. 185–187.Cheng, X.W. Three fatal cases of pandemic 2009 influenza A virus infection in Shenzhen are associated with cytokine storm / X.W. Cheng [et al.] // Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. – 2011. – V. 175, № 1. – Р. 185–187.Yokoyama, T. A case of severe ARDS caused by novel swine-origin influenza (A/H1N1pdm) virus: a successful treatment with direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber / T. Yokoyama [et al.] // J. Clin. Apher. – 2010. – V. 25, № 6. – Р. 350–353.Yokoyama, T. A case of severe ARDS caused by novel swine-origin influenza (A/H1N1pdm) virus: a successful treatment with direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber / T. Yokoyama [et al.] // J. Clin. Apher. – 2010. – V. 25, № 6. – Р. 350–353.Bermejo-Martin, J.F. Th1 and Th17 hypercytokinemia as early host response signature in severe pandemic influenza / J.F. Bermejo-Martin [et al.] // Crit Care. – 2009. – V. 13, № 6. – Р. 201.Bermejo-Martin, J.F. Th1 and Th17 hypercytokinemia as early host response signature in severe pandemic influenza / J.F. Bermejo-Martin [et al.] // Crit Care. – 2009. – V. 13, № 6. – Р. 201.Шипилов, М.В. Цитокиновый профиль у больных гриппом A/H1N1 / М.В. Шипилов, Е.В. Волчкова, Ф.Л. Кутарев // Материалы III Ежегодного Всероссийского rонгресса по инфекционным болезням (Москва, 28–30 марта 011 г.). – Инфекционные болезни. – 2011. – Т. 9. – Приложение №1. – С. 410–411.Шипилов, М.В. Цитокиновый профиль у больных гриппом A/H1N1 / М.В. Шипилов, Е.В. Волчкова, Ф.Л. Кутарев // Материалы III Ежегодного Всероссийского rонгресса по инфекционным болезням (Москва, 28–30 марта 011 г.). – Инфекционные болезни. – 2011. – Т. 9. – Приложение №1. – С. 410–411.Семакова, Е.В. Изучение динамики уровня интерлейкина-6 (ИЛ-6) и рецепторного антагониста интерлейкина-1 (РАИЛ) у больных острыми респираторными вирусными инфекциями / Е.В. Семакова, М.В. Шипилов // Материалы III Ежегодного Всероссийского конгресса по инфекционным болезням (Москва, 28–30 марта 2011 г.). – Инфекционные болезни. – 2011. – Т. 9. – Приложение №1. – С. 339–340.Семакова, Е.В. Изучение динамики уровня интерлейкина-6 (ИЛ-6) и рецепторного антагониста интерлейкина-1 (РАИЛ) у больных острыми респираторными вирусными инфекциями / Е.В. Семакова, М.В. Шипилов // Материалы III Ежегодного Всероссийского конгресса по инфекционным болезням (Москва, 28–30 марта 2011 г.). – Инфекционные болезни. – 2011. – Т. 9. – Приложение №1. – С. 339–340.Семакова, Е.В. Изучение динамики уровня интерферона (гамма и альфа) при острых респираторных вирусных инфекциях / Е.В. Семакова, М.В. Шипилов, Ф.Л. Кутарев // Материалы III Ежегодного Всероссийского Конгресса по инфекционным болезням (Москва, 28–30 марта 2011 г.). – Инфекционные болезни. – 2011. – Т. 9. – Приложение №1. – С. 340.Семакова, Е.В. Изучение динамики уровня интерферона (гамма и альфа) при острых респираторных вирусных инфекциях / Е.В. Семакова, М.В. Шипилов, Ф.Л. Кутарев // Материалы III Ежегодного Всероссийского Конгресса по инфекционным болезням (Москва, 28–30 марта 2011 г.). – Инфекционные болезни. – 2011. – Т. 9. – Приложение №1. – С. 340.Шипилов, М.В. Статистическое исследование концентрации интерлейкина-4 в сыворотке крови больных ОРВИ / М.В. Шипилов, И.Е. Михайлова // Информатика, математическое моделирование, экономика: сборник научных статей по итогам Международной научно-практической конференции (г. Смоленск, 22 апреля 2011 г.). – Смоленск, 2011. – С. 84–90.Шипилов, М.В. Статистическое исследование концентрации интерлейкина-4 в сыворотке крови больных ОРВИ / М.В. Шипилов, И.Е. Михайлова // Информатика, математическое моделирование, экономика: сборник научных статей по итогам Международной научно-практической конференции (г. Смоленск, 22 апреля 2011 г.). – Смоленск, 2011. – С. 84–90.Zheng, Y. Novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virusassociated hemophagocytic syndrome – a first case report / Y. Zheng [et al.] // Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. – 2010. – V. 82, № 4. – P. 743–745.Zheng, Y. Novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virusassociated hemophagocytic syndrome – a first case report / Y. Zheng [et al.] // Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. – 2010. – V. 82, № 4. – P. 743–745.Ozdemir, H. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection / H. Ozdemir [et al.] // J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. – 2011. – V. 33, № 2. – P. 135–137.Ozdemir, H. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection / H. Ozdemir [et al.] // J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. – 2011. – V. 33, № 2. – P. 135–137.Harms, P.W. Autopsy findings in eight patients with fatal H1N1 influenza / P.W. Harms [et al.] // Am. J. Clin. Pathol. – 2010. – V. 134, № 1. – P. 27–35.Harms, P.W. Autopsy findings in eight patients with fatal H1N1 influenza / P.W. Harms [et al.] // Am. J. Clin. Pathol. – 2010. – V. 134, № 1. – P. 27–35.Kashiwagi, Y. Sudden infant death syndrome due to parainfluenza virus 2 associated with hemophagocytic syndrome / Y. Kashiwagi [et al.] // J. Infect. – 2004. – V. 49, № 4. – P. 329–332.Kashiwagi, Y. Sudden infant death syndrome due to parainfluenza virus 2 associated with hemophagocytic syndrome / Y. Kashiwagi [et al.] // J. Infect. – 2004. – V. 49, № 4. – P. 329–332.Kashiwagi, Y. Virological and immunological characteristics of fatal virus-associated haemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) / Y. Kashiwagi [et al.] // Microbiol. Immunol. – 2007. – V. 51, № 1. – P. 53–62.Kashiwagi, Y. Virological and immunological characteristics of fatal virus-associated haemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) / Y. Kashiwagi [et al.] // Microbiol. Immunol. – 2007. – V. 51, № 1. – P. 53–62.Gauvin, F. Reactive hemophagocytic syndrome presenting as a component of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome / F. Gauvin, B. Toledano, J. Champagne, J. Lacroix // Crit. Care Med. – 2000. – V. 28, № 9. – P. 3341–3345.Gauvin, F. Reactive hemophagocytic syndrome presenting as a component of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome / F. Gauvin, B. Toledano, J. Champagne, J. Lacroix // Crit. Care Med. – 2000. – V. 28, № 9. – P. 3341–3345.Kapelushnik, J. Sequential respiratory syncytial virus and cytomegalovirus pneumonia following bone marrow transplantation / J. Kapelushnik [et al.] // J. Med. Virol. – 1995. – V. 46, № 2. – P. 169–171.Kapelushnik, J. Sequential respiratory syncytial virus and cytomegalovirus pneumonia following bone marrow transplantation / J. Kapelushnik [et al.] // J. Med. Virol. – 1995. – V. 46, № 2. – P. 169–171.Iyama, S. Successful treatment with oral ribavirin of adenovirus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in a stem cell transplantation recipient / S. Iyama [et al.] // Rinsho Ketsueki. – 2005. – V. 46, № 5. – P. 363–367.Iyama, S. Successful treatment with oral ribavirin of adenovirus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in a stem cell transplantation recipient / S. Iyama [et al.] // Rinsho Ketsueki. – 2005. – V. 46, № 5. – P. 363–367.Seidel, M.G. IVIG treatment of adenovirus infectionassociated macrophage activation syndrome in a two-yearold boy: case report and review of the literature / M.G. Seidel [et al.] // Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. – 2003. – V. 20, № 6. – P. 445–451.Seidel, M.G. IVIG treatment of adenovirus infectionassociated macrophage activation syndrome in a two-yearold boy: case report and review of the literature / M.G. Seidel [et al.] // Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. – 2003. – V. 20, № 6. – P. 445–451.Morimoto, A. Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with severe adenoviral pneumonia: usefulness of real-time polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis / A. Morimoto [et al.] // Int. J. Hematol. – 2003. – V. 77, № 3. – P. 295–298.Morimoto, A. Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with severe adenoviral pneumonia: usefulness of real-time polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis / A. Morimoto [et al.] // Int. J. Hematol. – 2003. – V. 77, № 3. – P. 295–298.Szyper-Kravitz, M. The hemophagocytic syndrome/macrophage activation syndrome: a final common pathway of a cytokine storm / M. Szyper-Kravitz // Isr. Med. Assoc. J. – 2009. – V. 11, № 10. – P. 635–636.Szyper-Kravitz, M. The hemophagocytic syndrome/macrophage activation syndrome: a final common pathway of a cytokine storm / M. Szyper-Kravitz // Isr. Med. Assoc. J. – 2009. – V. 11, № 10. – P. 635–636.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.