jofinЖурнал инфектологииJournal Infectology2072-6732IPO “АIDSSPbR"10.22625/2072-6732-2025-17-4-29-34jofin-1886Research ArticleОбзорReviewНеспецифические эффекты пневмококковых конъюгированных вакцин: клиническое значение и молекулярные механизмыNon-specific effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: clinical significance and molecular mechanismsМирзоваА. У.MirzovaA. U.

Мирзова Алла Умарбиевна – аспирант 

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

mirzovaalla476@gmail.comЖдановК. В.ZhdanovK. V.

Жданов Константин Валерьевич – директор, д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН 

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

zhdanovkv@rambler.ruХаритС. М.KharitS. M.

Харит Сусанна Михайловна – руководитель отдела профилактики инфекционных заболеваний; профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней у детей ФП и ДПО, д.м.н., профессор 

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

kharit-s@mail.ruФедеральный научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезнейРоссияFederal Research and Clinical Center of Infectious DiseasesRussian FederationФедеральный научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней; Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университетРоссияFederal Research and Clinical Center of Infectious Diseases; Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityRussian Federation2025181220251742934Copyright © Мирзова А.У., Жданов К.В., Харит С.М., 20252025Мирзова А.У., Жданов К.В., Харит С.М.Mirzova A.U., Zhdanov K.V., Kharit S.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1886

Пневмококковые конъюгированные вакцины традиционно применяются для профилактики инфекций, вызванных Streptococcus pneumoniae, однако современные данные свидетельствуют о наличии у них клинически значимых неспецифических эффектов. Цель обзора – систематизировать сведения о влиянии пневмококковых конъюгированных вакцин на заболеваемость респираторными инфекциями непневмококковой этиологии и описать предполагаемые механизмы такого действия. Проанализированы публикации 2011–2025 гг., отражающие влияние пневмококковых конъюгированных вакцин на вирусные и бактериальные инфекции, а также иммунологические и эпигенетические эффекты вакцинации. Показано, что применение пневмококковых конъюгированных вакцин связано со снижением частоты госпитализаций по поводу гриппа, респираторно-синцитиальной вирусной инфекции и непневмококковой пневмонии. Неспецифические эффекты могут быть обусловлены уменьшением носительства пневмококка, модуляцией микробиоты и феноменом тренированного иммунитета. Дальнейшие исследования необходимы для оценки популяционного влияния новых многовалентных пневмококковых конъюгированных вакцин.

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are widely used to prevent infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, but evidence shows that they also exert clinically relevant nonspecific effects. This review summarizes current data on the impact of PCVs on non-pneumococcal respiratory infections and outlines possible underlying mechanisms. We analyzed studies published between 2011 and 2025 describing clinical outcomes, immunological responses, and molecular pathways associated with PCV use. PCVs were found to reduce influenza-related hospitalizations, respiratory syncytial virus infections, and non-pneumococcal pneumonia. These effects may result from reduced pneumococcal carriage, modulation of respiratory microbiota, and trained innate immunity. Further research is required to clarify populationlevel implications of next-generation PCVs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.