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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2025-17-4-6-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-1884</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Lead article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Множественная лекарственная устойчивость ВИЧ-1 у взрослых пациентов на территории Российской Федерации в 2024–2025 гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Multidrug-Resistance of HIV-1 in Adult Patients in Russia in 2024–2025</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цветков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvetkov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цветков Валерий Владимирович – старший научный сотрудник отделения экспериментально-клинических исследований, к.м.н. </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">suppcolor@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комиссаров</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komissarov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комиссаров Андрей Борисович – заведующий лабораторией молекулярной вирусологии </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.b.komissarov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Машарский</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Masharskiy</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Машарский Алексей Эльвинович – ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной вирусологии, к.б.н. </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">masharsky@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ёлшин</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yolshin</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ёлшин Никита Дмитриевич – научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной вирусологии </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikita.yolshin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комиссарова</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komissarova</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комиссарова Ксения Сергеевна – научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной вирусологии </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kseniya.sintsova1994@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Анна Андреевна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной вирусологии </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.egorova@influenza.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фадеев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fadeev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фадеев Артем Викторович – старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной вирусологии </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">afadeew@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плутницкий</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plutnitskiy</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плутницкий Андрей Николаевич – заместитель министра здравоохранения Российской Федерации, д.м.н., доцент </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@minzdrav.gov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликова</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikova</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куликова Инна Борисовна – директор Департамента организации экстренной медицинской помощи и управления рисками здоровью Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@minzdrav.gov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пакскина</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pakskina</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пакскина Наталья Давыдовна – заместитель директора Департамента организации экстренной медицинской помощи и управления рисками здоровью Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@minzdrav.gov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазус</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazus</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мазус Алексей Израилевич – руководитель, д.м.н. </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aids@spid.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лиознов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lioznov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лиознов Дмитрий Анатольевич – директор; заведующий кафедрой инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии, д.м.н., профессор </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dlioznov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт гриппа им. А.А. Смородинцева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Influenza named after A.A. Smorodintsev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский городской центр профилактики и борьбы со СПИД</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Center for AIDS Prevention and Control</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт гриппа им. А.А. Смородинцева;&#13;
Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Influenza named after A.A. Smorodintsev;&#13;
First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University named after academician I.P. Pavlov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Цветков В.В., Комиссаров А.Б., Машарский А.Э., Ёлшин Н.Д., Комиссарова К.С., Иванова А.А., Фадеев А.В., Плутницкий А.Н., Куликова И.Б., Пакскина Н.Д., Мазус А.И., Лиознов Д.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цветков В.В., Комиссаров А.Б., Машарский А.Э., Ёлшин Н.Д., Комиссарова К.С., Иванова А.А., Фадеев А.В., Плутницкий А.Н., Куликова И.Б., Пакскина Н.Д., Мазус А.И., Лиознов Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsvetkov V.V., Komissarov A.B., Masharskiy A.E., Yolshin N.D., Komissarova K.S., Ivanova A.A., Fadeev A.V., Plutnitskiy A.N., Kulikova I.B., Pakskina N.D., Mazus A.I., Lioznov D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1884">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1884</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: оценить распространенность лекарственной устойчивости и мультирезистентности ВИЧ-1 к антиретровирусным препаратам у взрослых пациентов как с опытом, так и без опыта лечения на территории России в 2024–2025 гг. Материалы и методы: всего исследовано 1888 образцов плазмы крови от взрослых больных ВИЧ-инфекцией из 21 региона России. Средний возраст больных составил 42,08 лет, мужчин – 60,86%, женщин – 39,14%. Сведения об опыте терапии имелись у 77,65% больных, из них никогда не получали лечение – 28,04%, имели опыт лечения – 71,96%. Консенсусные нуклеотидные последовательности гена pol, кодирующие протеазу, обратную транскриптазу и интегразу ВИЧ-1, были получены методом секвенирования нового поколения. Анализ лекарственной устойчивости ВИЧ-1 проводился с помощью базы данных Стенфордского университета HIVdb. Результаты: установлено, что наиболее распространенными надзорными мутациями ВИЧ-1 были замены в обратной транскриптазе – M184V и K103N. У больных с опытом лечения высокие уровни резистентности ВИЧ-1 наблюдались к препаратам ненуклеозидного ингибитора обратной транскриптазы (эфавиренз) и нуклеозидного ингибитора обратной транскриптазы (ламивудин, абакавир), а у наивных пациентов – к препаратам ненуклеозидного ингибитора обратной транскриптазы (эфавиренз, невирапин, рилпивирин). Низкие уровни резистентности ВИЧ-1 отмечались к ингибиторам протеазы и интегразы, в том числе к препарату долутегравир. Наиболее распространенными комбинациями надзорных мутаций у больных с опытом лечения были сочетания G190S + K101E, G190S + M184V, K65R + M184V, K103N + M184V и G190S + K65R + Y181C. Наиболее распространенной комбинацией мультирезистентности ВИЧ-1 было сочетание лекарственной устойчивости к нуклеозидному ингибитору обратной транскриптазы + ненуклеозидному ингибитору обратной транскриптазы. Заключение: раннее выявление мутаций лекарственной устойчивости методом секвенирования нового поколения (NGS) с последующим анализом квазивидов может существенным образом изменить подход к выбору схем этиотропной терапии как первой, так и последующих линий, а также повысить клиническую и экономическую эффективность лечения больных ВИЧ-инфекцией.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose. To assess the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance and multidrug resistance to antiretroviral drugs in adult patients with and without treatment experience in Russia in 2024–2025. Materials and Methods. A total of 1888 plasma samples from adult HIV-infected patients from 21 regions of Russia were analyzed. The average age of the patients was 42,08 years; 60,86% were men and 39,14% were women. 77,65% of patients had information about treatment experience; 28,04% of these patients were treatment-naive and 71,96% were treatment-experienced. Consensus nucleotide sequences of the pol gene, encoding HIV-1 protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase, were obtained using next-generation sequencing. HIV-1 drug resistance analysis was conducted using the Stanford University HIVdb database. Results. The most common HIV-1 surveillance mutations were substitutions in the reverse transcriptase – M184V and K103N. In treatment-experienced patients, high levels of HIV-1 resistance were observed to NNRTIs (efavirenz) and NRTIs (lamivudine, abacavir), and in treatment-naive patients – to NNRTIs (efavirenz, nevirapine, rilpivirine). Low levels of HIV-1 resistance were observed to protease and integrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir. The most common combinations of surveillance mutations in treatment-experienced patients were G190S + K101E, G190S + M184V, K65R + M184V, K103N + M184V and G190S + K65R + Y181C. The most common combination of HIV-1 multidrug resistance was NRTI + NNRTI resistance. Conclusion. Early detection of drug resistance mutations using next-generation sequencing (NGS) followed by quasispecies analysis can significantly change the approach to choosing first- and subsequent-line etiotropic treatment regimens and improve the clinical and cost-effectiveness of HIV-1 treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус иммунодефицита человека</kwd><kwd>антиретровирусная терапия</kwd><kwd>лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>мутация резистентности</kwd><kwd>мультирезистентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human immunodeficiency virus</kwd><kwd>antiretroviral therapy</kwd><kwd>drug resistance</kwd><kwd>resistance mutations</kwd><kwd>multidrug resistance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено по Государственному заданию по теме «Разработка набора реагентов для выявления мутаций устойчивости вируса иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ-1) к антиретровирусным препаратам методом полногеномного секвенирования» (№ 124070300038-0).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keller S. 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