jofinЖурнал инфектологииJournal Infectology2072-6732IPO “АIDSSPbR"10.22625/2072-6732-2025-17-3-41-50jofin-1831Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWCOVID-19 и аутоиммунные заболевания. Обзор литературыCOVID-19 and autoimmune diseases. ReviewГлазановаТ. В.GlazanovaT. V.

Глазанова Татьяна Валентиновна – главный научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории иммунологии, д.м.н.

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

tatyana-glazanova@yandex.ruКузьмичЕ. В.KuzmichE. V.

Кузьмич Елена Витальевна – ведущий научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории иммунологии, к.б.н.

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

ПавловаИ. Е.PavlovaI. E.

Павлова Ирина Евгеньевна –главный научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории иммунологии, д.м.н.

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

БубноваЛ. Н.BubnovaL. N.

Бубнова Людмила Николаевна – главный научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории иммунологии, д.м.н., профессор.

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Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологииРоссияRussian Research institute of hematology and transfusiologyRussian Federation2025220920251734150Copyright © Глазанова Т.В., Кузьмич Е.В., Павлова И.Е., Бубнова Л.Н., 20252025Глазанова Т.В., Кузьмич Е.В., Павлова И.Е., Бубнова Л.Н.Glazanova T.V., Kuzmich E.V., Pavlova I.E., Bubnova L.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1831

За время, прошедшее с начала пандемии COVID-19, накоплено большое количество данных, свидетельствующих о связи новой коронавирусной инфекции с развитием аутоиммунных проявлений со стороны различных органов и систем.

В обзор включены данные зарубежных и отечественных статей, опубликованных в PubMed за последние 6 лет, которые посвящены роли COVID-19 как триггера возникновения системных и органоспецифических аутоиммунных заболеваний, в том числе, заболеваний системы крови.

Развитие аутоиммунных заболеваний при COVID-19 может быть спровоцировано самой инфекцией, а также вакцинацией. Возникновение аутоиммунных заболеваний обусловлено как молекулярной мимикрией, так и иммунной дисрегуляцией, вызванной вирусом SARS-CoV-2. В обзоре приведено описание индивидуальных случаев развития отдельных аутоиммунных заболеваний, а также результаты ряда когортных наблюдательных исследований, охватывающих период времени в 1–2 года, в которых проанализированы большие массивы данных пациентов, перенесших инфекцию COVID-19. Уникальным аспектом аутоиммунных заболеваний после воздействия SARS-CoV-2 по сравнению с другими ранее известными вирусными патогенами является крайне широкий спектр наблюдаемых состояний. Сроки манифестации аутоиммунных заболеваний после COVID-19 характеризуются выраженной вариабельностью (от 1 до 15 месяцев). Из заболеваний системы крови аутоиммунной природы преобладают аутоиммунная гемолитическая анемия и иммунная тромбоцитопеническая пурпура, которые могут развиваться в течение нескольких дней после поражения вирусом SARS-CoV-2.

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a large amount of data has been accumulated indicating a connection between this new coronavirus infection and the development of autoimmune manifestations in various organs and systems.

The review includes data from foreign and domestic articles published in PubMed over the past 6 years, which are devoted to the role of COVID-19 as a trigger for the occurrence of systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases, including hematologic diseases.

The development of autoimmune diseases (AID) after COVID-19 can be triggered by the infection itself, as well as vaccination. The emergence of AID is due to both molecular mimicry and immune dysregulation caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The review provides a description of individual cases of development of different AIDs, as well as the results of a number of cohort observational studies covering a period of 1-2 years, which analyzed large data sets of patients with COVID-19 infection. A unique aspect of AIDs following SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to other previously known viral pathogens is the extremely broad spectrum of conditions observed. The timing of AID manifestation after COVID-19 is characterized by marked variability (from 1 to 15 months). Among the autoimmune blood system diseases, the most common are autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIH) and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), which can develop within a few days after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.