jofinЖурнал инфектологииJournal Infectology2072-6732IPO “АIDSSPbR"10.22625/2072-6732-2025-17-2-42-54jofin-1781Research ArticleОбзорыReviewПроблемы вирусных гастроэнтеритов у взрослыхProblems of viral gastroenteritis in adultsАнтоноваТ. В.AntonovaT. V.

Антонова Тамара Васильевна – профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии, д.м.н., профессор

тел.: 8(812)338-70-58

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

antonovatv28@yandex.ruПобегаловаО. Е.PobegalovaO. E.

Побегалова Ольга Евгеньевна – ассистент кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии, к.м.н.

тел.: 8(812)338-70-58

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

pobegalovaoe@gmail.comГорчаковаО. В.GorchakovaO. V.

Горчакова Ольга Владимировна – научный сотрудник лаборатории хронических вирусных инфекций НИЦ, ассистент кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии, к.м.н.

тел.: 8(812)338-70-58

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

gorchakova-spmu@yandex.ruЛиозновД. А.LioznovD. A.

Лиознов Дмитрий Анатольевич – заведующий кафедрой инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии; директор, д.м.н., профессор

тел.: 8(812) 338-60-40, 8(812)499-15-00

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

dlioznov@yandex.ruПервый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. ПавловаРоссияFirst Saint-Petersburg State Medical University named after I.P. PavlovRussian FederationПервый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова; Научно-исследовательский институт гриппа им. А.А. СмородинцеваРоссияFirst Saint-Petersburg State Medical University named after I.P. Pavlov; Research Institute of Influenza named after A.A. SmorodintsevRussian Federation2025240620251724254Copyright © Антонова Т.В., Побегалова О.Е., Горчакова О.В., Лиознов Д.А., 20252025Антонова Т.В., Побегалова О.Е., Горчакова О.В., Лиознов Д.А.Antonova T.V., Pobegalova O.E., Gorchakova O.V., Lioznov D.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1781

Обзор посвящен актуальной проблеме современной инфектологии – вирусным гастроэнтеритам. Совершенствование методов лабораторной диагностики позволило идентифицировать значительное число вирусных патогенов, для которых установлено или допускается развитие гастроэнтерита. Основными возбудителями являются ротавирусы, норовирусы, саповирусы, астровирусы и др., при этом лидирующее положение в развитии спорадических случаев и вспышек гастроэнтерита занимает норовирус.Для взрослых характерно преимущественно нетяжелое и кратковременное самолимитирующее течение заболевания. Основным фактором риска тяжелого течения и неблагоприятного исхода вирусного гастроэнтерита у взрослых является любое иммунодефицитное состояние, в связи с чем необходимо принимать во внимание возраст больного, коморбидную патологию, применение иммуносупрессивной терапии.Особенно уязвимой группой являются онкологические больные и реципиенты трансплантации солидных органов и стволовых клеток крови. У таких больных вирусный гастроэнтерит часто приобретает хроническую форму с длительным периодом вирусовыделения, что нередко сопровождается мутацией вируса. В свою очередь, вирусная инфекция может оказывать влияние на течение неинфекционной патологии и терапевтическую тактику, приводя к необходимости отмены иммуносупрессивных препаратов и обусловливая развитие посттрансплантационных осложнений.

The review is devoted to a challenging problem of modern infectology – viral gastroenteritis. The improvement of laboratory diagnostic methods has made it possible to identify a significant number of viral pathogens for which gastroenteritis has been established or is considered possible. The main pathogens are rotaviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses, astroviruses, etc., while norovirus is the primary cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of gastroenteritis.Adults experience a predominantly mild and short-term self-limiting course of the disease. The main risk factor for severe course and unfavorable outcome of viral gastroenteritis in adults is any immunodeficiency condition, and therefore the patient’s age, concomitant diseases, and the use of immunosuppressive therapy should be taken into account.Cancer patients and recipients of solid organ and blood stem cell transplantation are a particularly vulnerable group. In these patients, viral gastroenteritis often becomes chronic with a long period of viral shedding, which is frequently accompanied by the virus mutation. In turn, a viral infection can affect the course of non-infectious diseases and therapeutic approach, resulting in the need to discontinue immunosuppressive agents and causing post-transplant complications.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.