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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2025-17-2-32-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-1780</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВИЧ и лекарственная устойчивость к антиретровирусной терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HIV and antiretroviral drug resistance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Немчинова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nemchinova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Немчинова Надежда Владимировна – лаборант-исследователь лаборатории персонализированной медицины</p><p>тел.: 8(3952)20-73-67</p><p>Иркутск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nemchinova.nad@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баирова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bairova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баирова Татьяна Ананьевна – заведующий лабораторией персонализированной медицины, д.м.н.</p><p>тел.: 8(3952)20-73-67</p><p>Иркутск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tbairova38@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самбялова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sambyalova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самбялова Александра Юрьевна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории персонализированной медицины</p><p>тел.: 8(3952)20-73-67</p><p>Иркутск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sambialova95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беляева Елена Владимировна – научный сотрудник лаборатории персонализированной медицины,  к.б.н.</p><p>тел.: 8(3952)20-73-67</p><p>Иркутск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belyeva_irk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ершова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ershova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ершова Оксана Александровна – научный сотрудник лаборатории персонализированной медицины, к.б.н.</p><p>тел.: 8(3952)20-73-67</p><p>Иркутск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oksana111088@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Scientific Centre of Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Немчинова Н.В., Баирова Т.А., Самбялова А.Ю., Беляева Е.В., Ершова О.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Немчинова Н.В., Баирова Т.А., Самбялова А.Ю., Беляева Е.В., Ершова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nemchinova N.V., Bairova T.A., Sambyalova A.Y., Belyaeva E.V., Ershova O.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1780">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1780</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены современные взгляды на причины формирования лекарственно устойчивых штаммов вируса иммунодефицита человека. Основными причинами неэффективности антиретровирусной терапии являются низкая приверженность пациентов к лечению, отсутствие комбинированной терапии, высокая скорость рекомбинации вируса, что приводит к появлению мутаций лекарственной устойчивости вируса иммунодефицита человека. Проведен анализ данных о мутациях лекарственной устойчивости вируса иммунодефицита человека, их распространенности в различных популяциях. Наиболее распространенные мутации лекарственной устойчивости вируса иммунодефицита человека M184V и K103N обнаруживаются как при приобретенной, так и при передаваемой лекарственной устойчивости вируса иммунодефицита человека, данные мутации вызывают лекарственную устойчивость к нуклеозидным и ненуклеозидным ингибиторам обратной транскриптазы и встречаются у людей, живущих с вирусом иммунодефицита человека. Вследствие высокого распространения лекарственно устойчивых штаммов необходимо тестирование людей с ВИЧ-инфекцией на мутации лекарственной устойчивости вируса иммунодефицита человека при неэффективности терапии, а также у пациентов в тех регионах, где высок процент передаваемой лекарственной устойчивости.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents modern views on the causes of the formation of drug-resistant HIV strains. The main reasons for the ineffectiveness of antiretroviral therapy are low patient adherence to treatment, lack of combination therapy, and high rate of viral recombination, which leads to the emergence of HIV drug resistance mutations. The data on HIV drug resistance mutations and their prevalence in different populations and in different age groups were analyzed. The most common HIV drug resistance mutations M184V and K103N are found in both acquired and transmitted HIV drug resistance, these mutations cause drug resistance to nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and are found in people living with HIV. Due to the high prevalence of drug-resistant strains, testing of people with HIV infection for HIV drug resistance mutations is necessary in cases of treatment failure and in patients in areas where the percentage of transmitted drug resistance is high.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус иммунодефицита человека</kwd><kwd>субтипы вируса иммунодефицита человека</kwd><kwd>резистентность к антиретровирусной терапии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human immunodeficiency virus</kwd><kwd>HIV subtypes</kwd><kwd>HIV drug resistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Информационный бюллетень– Глобальная статистика по ВИЧ. ЮНЭЙДС. Доступно по адресу: https://www.unaids.org/ru/resources/fact-sheet. [Дата обращения: 31.10.2024].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global HIV &amp; AIDS statistics – Fact sheet. UNAIDS. 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