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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2025-17-2-5-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-1778</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Проблемная статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Problem article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ботулизм: новые данные о патогенезе, ближайших исходах и отдаленных последствиях болезни</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Botulism: new data on pathogenesis, nearest outcomes and distant consequences of the disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никифоров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikiforov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никифоров Владимир Владимирович – заведующий кафедрой инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии ИКМ; врач-инфекционист;  заведующий кафедрой инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии Академии постдипломного образования, д.м.н., профессор;</p><p>тел.: +7-905-511-66-01</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.v.nikiforov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожевникова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhevnikova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кожевникова Анастасия Владимировна – ассистент кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии ИКМ; врач-инфекционист</p><p>тел.: +4-926-129-27-47</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ice12345@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова;&#13;
Инфекционная клиническая больница № 1;&#13;
Академия постдипломного образования Федерального научно-клинического центра специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov;&#13;
Infectious Clinical Hospital № 1;&#13;
Academy of Postgraduate Education of Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова;&#13;
Инфекционная клиническая больница № 1</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov;&#13;
Infectious Clinical Hospital № 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никифоров В.В., Кожевникова А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никифоров В.В., Кожевникова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikiforov V.V., Kozhevnikova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1778">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1778</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время аксиоматичными в отношении особенностей течения пищевого ботулизма являются как минимум два постулата: 1) ботулизм – заболевание острое и в хроническую форму не переходит; 2) ботулизм не вызывает стойких остаточных явлений, а клинические проявления его обратимы и не приводят к инвалидности. Однако если первый постулат не вызывает возражений, то данные последних десятилетий показывают, что пищевой ботулизм, во всяком случае типа А, будучи заболеванием токсического генеза с практически однократным и одномоментным воздействием ботулинического нейротоксина, способен проявляться длительным, до 7 месяцев и более, персистированием неврологической симптоматики с закономерным снижением трудоспособности. Такое положение вещей обусловлено ускользанием легкой цепи ботулинического нейротоксина типа А от воздействия убиквитин-протеасомной системы, призванной разрушать в клетке чужеродные белки, попадающие в цитозоль.Нами детально проанализирована динамика обратного развития клинической картины ботулизма типа А у 97 пациентов от момента их госпитализации до 7-го месяца от момента начала заболевания, среди которых с исходно тяжелым течением ботулизма было 59 человек. Больных со среднетяжелым течением процесса было 38. Пациенты получали общепринятую при ботулизме терапию, включая обязательное введение 1 дозы противоботулинической сыворотки внутривенно. 56 пациентам в целях неспецифической детоксикации и восстановления пропульсивной функции кишечника в комплексную терапию на госпитальном этапе лечения было добавлено введение солевого энтерального раствора.Спустя 7 месяцев считали себя полностью выздоровевшими 34 из 59 больных тяжелыми формами ботулизма (55,9%) и 27 из 38 пациентов со среднетяжелым течением болезни (77, 1%). Остаточные явления (сохраняющаяся слабость, нарушение зрения вблизи и прочие жалобы, которые пациенты связывали с перенесенной госпитальном этапе болезни) имели место у 25 больных тяжелыми формами ботулизма и у 11 больных среднетяжелыми формами болезни.Сделан вывод, что применение солевого энтерального раствора существенно сокращает сроки репарации, однако панацеей не является – ситуация настоятельно требует не только разработки кардинально новых подходов к лечению (в том числе и на молекулярном уровне), но и упорядочения соответствующих этапов диспансерного наблюдения и реабилитационных мероприятий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>At present, at least two postulates are axiomatic in relation to the peculiarities of the course of foodborne botulism: botulism is an acute disease and does not turn into a chronic form, and that botulism does not cause persistent residual effects, and its clinical manifestations are reversible and do not lead to disability. However, if the first postulate does not raise objections, then the data of recent decades show that foodborne botulism, at least type A, being a disease of toxic genesis with almost single and simultaneous exposure to botulinum neurotoxin (BnT), can manifest itself for a long-term, up to 7 months or more, persistence of neurological symptoms with a natural decrease in working capacity. This state of affairs is due to the escape of the Type A light chain BcT from the influence of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, designed to destroy foreign proteins in the cell that enter the cytosol.We analyzed in detail the dynamics of the reverse development of the clinical picture of botulism type A in 97 patients from the moment of their hospitalization to the 7th month from the onset of the disease, among whom there were 59 patients with the initially severe course of botulism. There were 38 patients with a moderate course of the process. Patients received conventional therapy for botulism, including mandatory administration of 1 dose of intravenous antibotulinum serum. In 56 patients, for the purpose of nonspecific detoxification and restoration of intestinal propulsion function, the administration of saline enteral solution was added to the complex therapy at the hospital stage of treatment.After 7 months, 34 out of 59 patients with severe forms of botulism (55.9%) and 27 out of 38 patients with a moderate course of the disease (77.1%) considered themselves fully recovered. Residual effects (persistent weakness, near vision impairment and other complaints that the patients associated with the hospital stage of the disease) occurred in 25 patients with severe forms of botulism and in 11 patients with moderate-severe forms of the disease.It is concluded that the use of saline enteral solution (SAS) significantly reduces the time of repair, but it is not a panacea – the situation urgently requires not only the development of radically new approaches to treatment (including at the molecular level), but also the streamlining of the corresponding stages of dispensary observation and rehabilitation measures.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ботулизм</kwd><kwd>белки SNARE</kwd><kwd>легкая цепь ботулинического нейротоксина типа А</kwd><kwd>убиквитин-протеасомная система</kwd><kwd>остаточные явления ботулизма</kwd><kwd>солевой энтеральный раствор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Botulism</kwd><kwd>SNARE proteins</kwd><kwd>botulinum neurotoxin type A light chain</kwd><kwd>ubiquitin-proteasome system</kwd><kwd>botulism residues</kwd><kwd>saline enteral solution (SAS)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krüger M, Große-Herrenthey A, Schrödl W, Gerlach A, Rodloff A. 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