jofinЖурнал инфектологииJournal Infectology2072-6732IPO “АIDSSPbR"10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-3-105-111jofin-1668Research ArticleОригинальные исследованияOriginal ResearchОценка использования дополнительных возможностей иммунохемилюминесцентного анализа для определения давности заражения вирусом иммунодефицита человекаEvaluation of the use of additional capabilities of immunochemiluminescent analysis for determining the duration of infection with human immunodeficiency virusЕрмаковА. И.ErmakovA. I.

Ермаков Алексей Игоревич – заведующий клинико-диагностической лабораторией

тел.: +7-909-582-83-02 

Санкт-Петербург 

 Saint-Petersburg

Ermakovspb@mail.ruКотоваН. Н.KotovaN. N.

Котова Наталья Николаевна – врач клинико-диагностической лаборатории

тел.: +7-911-028-85-57 

Санкт-Петербург 

 Saint-Petersburg 

Kotova8608@gmail.comВиноградоваТ. Н.VinogradovaT. N.

Виноградова Татьяна Николаевна – главный врач,  к.м.н.

тел.: +7-931-261-93-39 

 Санкт-Петербург 

Saint-Petersburg

Vino75@mail.ruКиреевД. Е.KireevD. E.

Киреев Дмитрий Евгеньевич – заведующий лабораторией диагностики и молекулярной эпидемиологии ВИЧ-инфекции, к.б.н.

тел.: +7-903-578-56-98 

Москва

Moscow 

dmitkireev@yandex.ruСанкт-Петербургский центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниямиРоссияSaint-Petersburg Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious DiseasesRussian FederationЦентральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологииРоссияCentral Research Institute of EpidemiologyRussian Federation202424092024163105111Copyright © Ермаков А.И., Котова Н.Н., Виноградова Т.Н., Киреев Д.Е., 20242024Ермаков А.И., Котова Н.Н., Виноградова Т.Н., Киреев Д.Е.Ermakov A.I., Kotova N.N., Vinogradova T.N., Kireev D.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1668

Оценка заболеваемости ВИЧ-инфекцией в ранние сроки является важным инструментом общественного здравоохранения для понимания состояния эпидемии на конкретной территории, выявления групп высокого риска, а также для оценки эффективности различных профилактических мероприятий.Цель: оценка возможности использования показателя коэффициента позитивности (S/CO) в ИХЛА-тесте «HIV Ag/Ab» на аналитической платформе Alinity i для определения давности заражения при скрининговом обследовании на вирус иммунодефицита человека.Материалы и методы: в исследование было включено 316 ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов с разным сроком инфицирования. Иммунохимический анализ проводили на автоматическом анализаторе Alinity i («Эбботт Лэбораториз», США) с использованием набора реагентов Alinity i HIV Ag/Ab Reagent Kit («Эбботт Лэбораториз», Германия) в соответствии с инструкциями производителя.Результаты: статистический анализ для 316 образцов крови ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов на разных сроках инфицирования продемонстрировал реактивность результата в тесте Alinity i HIV Ag/Ab и динамическое увеличение показателя коэффициента позитивности в течение первых 6 месяцев после начала заболевания. На основании полученных данных было получено пороговое значение (≤294 усл. ед.) для коэффициента позитивности, которое позволило провести четкое отличие ВИЧ-позитивных пациентов с недавним (<6 месяцев) сроком инфицирования. При этом показатели чувствительности и специфичности выявления недавней инфекции в ИХЛА-тесте составили 79,0% и 63,2% соответственно.Заключение: дополнительное использование коэффициента позитивности в ИХЛА-тесте Alinity i HIV Ag/Ab соответствует критериям приемлемости для оценки давности заражения ВИЧ и может быть полезным инструментом для анализа состояния эпидемии на конкретной территории.

Early assessment of HIV incidence is an important public health tool for understanding the state of the epidemic in a particular area, identifying high-risk groups, and assessing the effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions.Objective. To assess the possibility of using the positivity rate (S/CO) in the HIV Ag/Ab immunoassay on the Alinity i analytical platform to determine the duration of infection during HIV screening.Materials and methods. The study included 316 HIV-infected patients with different infection durations. Immunochemical analysis was performed on an Alinity i automatic analyzer (Abbott Laboratories, USA) using the Alinity i HIV Ag/Ab Reagent Kit (Abbott Laboratories, Germany) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.Results. Statistical analysis of 316 blood samples from HIV-infected patients at different stages of infection demonstrated the reactivity of the Alinity i HIV Ag/Ab test result and a dynamic increase in the positivity ratio during the first six months after the onset of the disease. Based on the data obtained, a threshold value (≤294 conventional units) was obtained for the positivity ratio, which allowed for a clear distinction between HIV-positive patients with a recent (<6 months) period of infection. At the same time, the sensitivity and specificity indicators for detecting recent infection in the CMIA analysis were 79,0% and 63,2%, respectively.Conclusion. The additional usage of the positivity ratio in the Alinity i HIV Ag/Ab CMIA analysis meets the acceptability criteria for assessing the duration of HIV infection and can be a useful tool for analyzing the stage of the epidemic in a particular territory.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.