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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2024-16-1-5-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-1602</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Считать ли туляремию особо опасной инфекцией?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Should tularemia be considered a particularly dangerous infection?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубис</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubis</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рубис Людмила Викторовна – доцент кафедры факультетской терапии, фтизиатрии, инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии, к.м.н., доцент,</p><p>Петрозаводск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petrozavodsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rublusja@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Петрозаводский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrozavodsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рубис Л.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рубис Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rubis L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1602">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1602</self-uri><abstract><p>Туляремия – широко распространенная в мире бактериальная зоонозная инфекция, возбудитель которой в нашей стране отнесен ко 2 группе патогенности, что соответствует 3 группе по международной классификации для лабораторной службы. F. tularensis рассматривается как потенциальный агент биотерроризма категории А. В обзоре представлены современные сведения о возбудителе туляремии, особенностях клинического течения инфекции и заболеваемости, вызванной его разными подвидами. Освещены вопросы лечения и профилактики заболевания. Материал представлен с точки зрения соответствия инфекции критериям особо опасного заболевания. Вид включает 4 подвида, из которых лишь один, присутствующий только в некоторых штатах США и, вероятно, эволюционно наиболее старый, оценивается как высоковирулентный. Подвид, наиболее распространенный на европейском континенте, относится к числу умеренно-вирулентных и вызывает заболевания, не соответствующие критериям особо опасного заболевания по тяжести течения и уровню летальности. Имеется перечень препаратов, достаточно эффективных в отношении возбудителя туляремии при условии их своевременного назначения. Заболеваемость туляремией в странах, где ведется ее регистрация, обычно не превышает спорадический уровень. В то же время особенностью возбудителя является его пластичность во внешней среде, обусловливающая длительное сохранение эпизоотического потенциала природных очагов, в отдельные годы возникают крупные вспышки инфекции среди населения, часто при отсутствии видимых факторов риска. При этом возможности специфической и неспецифической профилактики ограничены и позволяют снизить риск заражения населения только при своевременном, быстром и адекватном реагировании на изменение ситуации. В различных странах ведутся работы по созданию вакцин на разных технологических платформах, но в настоящее время лишь в России, Беларуси и Казахстане применяется живая аттенуированная вакцина. Несмотря на то, что туляремию, вызванную дикими штаммами, нельзя отнести к особо опасным инфекциям, она требует пристального надзора.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Tularemia is a widespread bacterial zoonotic infection in the world, the causative agent of it in our country is classified as pathogenicity group 2, which corresponds to group 3 according to the international classification for laboratory services. F. tularensis is considered a potential agent of category A bioterrorism. The review presents current information about the causative agent of tularemia, the features of the clinical course of the infection and the incidence rate associated with its different subtypes. The possibilities of treatment and prevention of the disease are highlighted. The material is presented from the point of view of whether the infection meets the criteria for a particularly dangerous disease. The species includes 4 subspecies, of which only one, present only in some states of the United States and probably the evolutionarily oldest, is assessed as highly virulent. The subspecies most widespread on the European continent is classified as moderately virulent and causes diseases that do not meet the criteria for a particularly dangerous disease in terms of severe and mortality rate. There is a list of drugs that are quite effective against the causative agent of tularemia, provided they are prescribed in a timely manner. The incidence of tularemia in countries where it is registered does not exceed sporadic levels. However, a feature of the pathogen is plasticity in the external environment which determines the long-term preservation of the epizootic potential of natural foci. In some years large outbreaks of infection occur, often in the absence of visible risk factors. The possibilities of specific and nonspecific prevention are limited and can reduce the risk of infection of the population only with a timely, quick and adequate response to changing situations. In various countries work is underway to create vaccines on different technological platforms, but currently only Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan use the live attenuated vaccine. Although by wild strains is not a particularly dangerous disease, it requires close surveillance.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туляремия</kwd><kwd>подвиды возбудителя</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>вирулентность</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tularemia</kwd><kwd>subspecies of the pathogen</kwd><kwd>incidence</kwd><kwd>virulence</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO Guidelines on Tularaemia. World Health Organization; 2007. р.125 или ВОЗ – WHO Guidelines on Tularemia: Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Responses. Geneva:WHO Press. 2007:1–115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO Guidelines on Tularaemia. 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