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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-25-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-1564</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вакцинация детей, рожденных раньше срока</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vaccination of premature newborns</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рулева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruleva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рулева Анна Александровна – научный сотрудник  отдела вакцинопрофилактики и поствакцинальной патологии, к.м.н.; тел.: 8(812) 234-57-59</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ruleanna@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харит</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharit</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Харит Сусанна Михайловна – руководитель отдела  вакцинопрофилактики и поствакцинальной  патологии;</p><p>профессор кафедры инфекционных заболеваний у детей ФП И ДПО, д.м.н., профессор; тел.: 8(812) 234-57-59</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kharit-s@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней;&#13;
Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases;&#13;
Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рулева А.А., Харит С.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рулева А.А., Харит С.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ruleva A.A., Kharit S.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1564">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1564</self-uri><abstract><p>Недоношенные дети наиболее уязвимы в отношении тяжёлого течения инфекционных заболеваний. Своевременность вакцинации в этой группе детей крайне важна. Однако исторически охват прививками детей, рожденных раньше срока, значительно снижен по причине необоснованных медицинских отводов. Это связано со страхом развития поствакцинальных осложнений и мнении, что иммунный ответ на вакцины у недоношенных снижен. Кроме того, в нашей стране отсутствуют утвержденные федеральные клинические рекомендации по вакцинации недоношенных детей, что определяет отсутствие единого подхода у врачей и порождает сомнения у родителей.В статье представлен обзор российских и зарубежных литературных данных, освещающих состояние проблемы своевременности и полноты охвата вакцинацией недоношенных детей; особенности иммунитета ребенка, рожденного раньше срока, и возможность адекватного ответа на вакцинные антигены при различных степенях недоношенности. Согласно перечню Национального календаря прививок, приводятся научно-практические данные по безопасности и эффективности зарегистрированных в России вакцин, преимущества соблюдения утвержденных схем и положительные неспецифические эффекты отдельных вакцин. Представлены данные по специфической профилактике респираторно-синцитиальной вирусной инфекции. Показано, что состояния, которые могут развиваться после прививки и характерны для недоношенности, не имеют прямой связи с вакциной и что организм недоношенного ребенка способен выработать достаточный иммунный ответ. Соответственно, дети, рожденные раньше срока, должны иммунизироваться в соответствии с паспортным возрастом при стабилизации состояния ребенка и адекватной прибавке веса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Premature newborns are most vulnerable to the severe infectious diseases. The timeliness of vaccination in this group of children is extremely important. Historically, however, vaccination coverage for premature newborns has been significantly reduced due to unjustified contraindications. This is due to the fear of developing post-vaccination complications and the opinion that the immune response to vaccines in preterm newborns is reduced. In addition, in our country, there are no approved federal clinical guidelines for the vaccination of premature newborns, which determines the lack of a unified approach among medical workers and raises doubts among parents.The article presents a review of Russian and foreign literature data, highlighting the state of the problem of timeliness and completeness of vaccination coverage of premature newborns. Features of the immunity of a child born prematurely and the possibility of an adequate response to vaccine antigens in various degrees of prematurity. According to the list of the National Immunization Schedule, scientific and practical data on the safety and efficacy of vaccines registered in Russia, the benefits of complying with approved schedule and the positive non-specific effects of individual vaccines are given. Data on the specific prevention of RS-virus infection are presented. It has been shown that conditions that can develop after vaccination and are characteristic of prematurity are not directly related to the vaccine and that premature newborns is able to develop a sufficient immune response. Accordingly, children born prematurely should be immunized in accordance with the passport age with the stabilization of the child’s condition and adequate weight gain.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>недоношенные дети</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>поликомпонентные вакцины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>premature newborns</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>efficacy</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>multicomponent vaccines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fortmann M.I., Dirks J., Goedicke-Fritz S., at al. Immunization of preterm infants: current evidence and future strategies to individualized approaches. 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