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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-1-78-85</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-1473</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальное исследование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика изменения иммунологических показателей у взрослых с COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamics of changes in immunological parameters in adults with COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оленькова</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Olenkova</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оленькова Ольга Михайловна – заведующая лабораторией молекулярно-биологических методов исследования, к.м.н.</p><p>тел.: 8(343)204-71-34</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oom@kdc-lab.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковтун</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovtun</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковтун Ольга Петровна – ректор</p><p>тел.: 8(343)214-86-71</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">usma@usma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагерева</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagereva</surname><given-names>Yu. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лагерева Юлия Геннадьевна – заместитель главного врача по лабораторной диагностике, д.б.н.</p><p>тел.: 8(343)204-71-34</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyg@kdc-lab.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бейкин</surname><given-names>Я. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beikin</surname><given-names>Ya. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бейкин Яков Борисович – заведующий лабораторией иммунопатофизиологии, д.м.н., профессор</p><p>тел.: (343)374-00-70</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iip@iip.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клинико-диагностический центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical and Diagnostic Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт иммунологии и физиологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Immunology and Physiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Оленькова О.М., Ковтун О.П., Лагерева Ю.Г., Бейкин Я.Б., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Оленькова О.М., Ковтун О.П., Лагерева Ю.Г., Бейкин Я.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Olenkova O.M., Kovtun O.P., Lagereva Y.G., Beikin Y.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1473">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1473</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить иммунный ответ у пациентов с COVID-19 и проследить динамику изменений иммунологических показателей через 2–3 недели от начала заболевания.  </p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе представлены результаты обследования 55 больных в возрасте от 19 до 55 лет с новой коронавирусной инфекцией (COVID-19) в 2020 г. У 27 из них было проведено повторное обследование. Первая проба (n=55) была взята в среднем на 4,3±0,49 день от начала заболевания, вторая (n=27) – на 12,7±1,12 день. Контрольную группу составили практически здоровые лица (n=41). У всех пациентов были определены следующие показатели: наличие РНК SARS-CoV-2, параметры общего анализа крови, основные субпопуляции лимфоцитов, уровень общих иммуноглобулинов (IgM, IgG, IgA), количество ЦИК, поглотительная и бактерицидная активность лейкоцитов, уровень специфических IgM и IgG к SARS-CoV-2.  </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В дебюте заболевания установлено статистически значимое снижение уровня лимфоцитов (p&lt;0,001) и их субпопуляций (TNK-клеток (p&lt;0,001), Т-хелперных лимфоцитов (&lt;0,001), цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов (p&lt;0,001), NK-клеток (&lt;0,001) и Т-лимфоцитов (&lt;0,001)). При этом уровень активированных Т-лимфоцитов был статистически значимо выше (p&lt;0,001) аналогичного показателя в группе контроля. При анализе иммунологических показателей в динамике установлено нарастание общего количества лимфоцитов (p&lt;0,001), Т-лимфоцитов (p=0,003), Т-хелперов (p=0,015); повышенное содержание активированных Т-лимфоцитов (p&lt;0,001) и низкий уровень TNK-клеток (p&lt;0,001). Показатели фагоцитарного звена у пациентов с COVID-19 в первые дни заболевания были в пределах референсных (аналогичные показатели у лиц контрольной группы). При повторном обследовании (проба 2) отмечено увеличение фагоцитарной активности лейкоцитов и моноцитов (p&lt;0,003 и p&lt;0,09 соответственно). В начале заболевания уже на 4–5-й день болезни в сыворотке крови больных выявляли специфические антитела – IgM и IgG к SARS-CoV-2, ко 2-й неделе заболевания их уровень был достоверно выше, чем при первом исследовании (p&lt;0,009). </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В дебюте заболевания отмечена недостаточность клеточного звена иммунитета, связанная, вероятно, с нарушением иммунорегуляторных механизмов. В то же время увеличение уровня активированных Т-лимфоцитов свидетельствует о гиперактивации иммунных реакций, т.е. можно сказать о наличии дисбаланса в иммунном ответе при COVID-19. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the immune response in patients with COVID-19 and to track the dynamics of changes in immunological parameters 2-3 weeks after the onset of the disease.  </p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included the results of a survey of 55 people aged 19 to 55 years with a new coronavirus infection (NCVI, COVID-19) in 2020. 27 of them were re-examined. The first sample (n=55) was taken on average 4.3 ± 0.49 days from the onset of the disease, the second (n=27) – 12.7 ± 1.12 days. The control group consisted of practically healthy individuals (n=41). The following indicators were determined in all patients: the presence of SARSCoV-2 RNA, the parameters of the general blood test, the main subpopulations of lymphocytes, the level of total immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA), the number of CEC, the absorption and bactericidal activity of leukocytes, the level of specific IgM and IgG to SARS-CoV-2.  </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. At the onset of the disease, a statistically significant decrease in the level of lymphocytes (p&lt;0.001) and their subpopulations (TNK cells (p&lt;0.001), T-helper lymphocytes (&lt;0.001), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (p&lt;0.001), NK cells (&lt;0.001) and T-lymphocytes (&lt;0.001)). At the same time, the level of activated T-lymphocytes was statistically significantly higher (p&lt;0.001) than the same indicator in the control group. When analyzing immunological parameters after 12.7±1.12 days, an increase in the total number of lymphocytes (p&lt;0.001), T-lymphocytes (p=0.003), T-helper cells (p=0.015) was found; an increased content of activated T-lymphocytes (p&lt;0.001) and a low level of TNK cells (p&lt;0.001). The indicators of the phagocytic link in patients with COVID-19 in the first days of the disease were within the reference range (similar indicators in the control group). Repeated examination of patients (sample 2) showed an increase in the phagocytic activity of leukocytes and monocytes (p&lt;0.003 and p&lt;0.09, respectively). At the beginning of the disease, already on the 4th-5th day of the disease, specific IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in the blood serum of patients, by the second week of the disease their level was significantly higher than in the first study (p&lt;0.009).  </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. At the onset of the disease, insufficiency of the cellular link of immunity was noted, which is probably as sociated with a violation of immunoregulatory mechanisms. At the same time, an increase in the level of activated T-lymphocytes indicates an overactivation of immune reactions, i.e. it can be said that there is an imbalance in the immune response in COVID-19. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>клеточное звено иммунитета</kwd><kwd>антитела</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immune response</kwd><kwd>lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>cellular link of immunity</kwd><kwd>antibodies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пащенков, М.В. Иммунный ответ против эпидемических коронавирусов / М.В. Пащенков, М.Р. Хаитов // Иммунология. – 2020. – Т. 41, № 1. – С. 5–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pashchenkov M.V. 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