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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2022-14-5-51-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-1426</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальное исследование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вирусологическая неэффективность антиретровирусной терапии и связанные с ней социальные и клинические факторы у детей и подростков, живущих с ВИЧ-инфекцией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Virological failure of antiretroviral therapy and associated social and clinical factors in children and adolescents living with HIV</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самбялова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sambyalova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александра Юрьевна Самбялова, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>лаборатория персонализированной медицины</p><p>Иркутск</p><p>тел.: +7-951-627-01-39</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sambialova95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баирова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bairova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Ананьевна Баирова, заведующая лабораторией, д. м. н.</p><p>лаборатория персонализированной медицины</p><p>Иркутск</p><p>тел.: +7-902-576-15-06</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tbairova38@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манаенкова</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Manaenkova</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Леонидовна Манаенкова, аспирант, инфекционист</p><p>Иркутск</p><p>тел.: +7-950-145-82-72</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vodnay.stihiay@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бельских</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belskikh</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Владимирович Бельских, инженер, к. х. н.</p><p>лаборатория персонализированной медицины</p><p>Иркутск</p><p>тел.: +7-924-821-49-00</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex590750@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотникова</surname><given-names>Ю. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotnikova</surname><given-names>Yu. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Кимовна Плотникова, главный врач</p><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aids@aids38.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рычкова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rychkov</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любовь Владимировна Рычкова, директор, д. м. н., член-корреспондент</p><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iphr@sbamsr.irk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Сentre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека; Иркутский областной центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Сentre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems; Irkutsk Regional AIDS Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский областной центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Regional AIDS Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека; РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Сentre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Самбялова А.Ю., Баирова Т.А., Манаенкова Т.Л., Бельских А.В., Плотникова Ю.К., Рычкова Л.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Самбялова А.Ю., Баирова Т.А., Манаенкова Т.Л., Бельских А.В., Плотникова Ю.К., Рычкова Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sambyalova A.Y., Bairova T.A., Manaenkova T.L., Belskikh A.V., Plotnikova Y.K., Rychkov L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1426">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1426</self-uri><abstract><p>   Согласно целям Всемирной организации здравоохранения, среди детей и подростков, живущих с ВИЧ / СПИДом, необходимо достичь 90 % устойчивого вирусологического подавления, что определяет важность оценки распространенности вирусологической неэффективности антиретровирусной терапии.   Цель: определение распространенности вирусологической неэффективности и оценка социальных и клинических факторов, определяющих ее. Среди детей и подростков с разным уровнем вирусной нагрузки ВИЧ провести и оценить терапевтический лекарственный мониторинг.   Материалы и методы: проведен ретроспективный анализ медицинских карт 172 детей и подростков с перинатальной ВИЧ-инфекцией в возрасте от 1 до 18 лет, получающих антиретровирусную терапию и находящихся на диспансерном учете в Иркутском областном центре по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями г. Иркутска. Пациенты разделены на группы в зависимости от уровня вирусной нагрузки: 1 группа – 21 пациент с вирусной нагрузкой (&gt; 1000 копий/мл плазмы); 2 группа – 42 пациента с вирусной нагрузкой (≤ 50 ≥ 1000 копий/мл плазмы); 3 группа – 109 пациентов с неопределяемым уровнем вирусной нагрузки (&lt; 50 копий / мл). Всем пациентам проводились стандартные исследования согласно клиническим рекомендациям по лечению ВИЧ-инфекции у детей, а также терапевтический лекарственный мониторинг.   Результаты: на фоне проводимой антиретровирусной терапии у 63,4 %(109 / 172) детей и подростков вирусная нагрузка ВИЧ имела неопределяемые значения в плазме крови. Вместе с тем, у значительного количества пациентов (36,6 %) наблюдалась вирусологическая неэффективность, причем у 21 / 172 (12,2 %) вирусная нагрузка ВИЧ была выше 1000 копий на мл плазмы крови. Статически значимые различия получены между пациентами, у которых в анамнезе были изменения схем терапии, и теми, у кого схема АРТ не изменялась (p = 0,031). В первой группе пациентов, не достигших вирусологической эффективности, доля детей и подростков, имевших в анамнезе изменение схемы терапии, составляет 7 / 21 (33,3 %), что в 2 раза меньше, чем в группе пациентов с неопределяемой вирусной нагрузкой 70 / 109 (64,2 %). Выявлены статистически значимые различия среди детей и подростков с нулевыми концентрациями ритонавира и лопинавира (p = 0,020 и p = 0,012) в 3 сравниваемых группах. Распределение пациентов с нулевыми концентрациями было следующим: по ритонавиру в 1 группе – 3 / 17 (17,6 %), во 2 группе – 8 / 37 (21,6 %), в 3 группе – 4 / 80 (5 %); по лопинавиру – 4 / 17 (23,5 %), 6 / 36 (16,7 %), 3 / 80 (3,8 %) соответственно.   Заключение. Проведенное исследование демонстрирует, что распространенность вирусологической неэффективности среди детей и подростков, получающих антиретровирусную терапию, остается высокой. Для достижения устойчивого вирусологического подавления у детей и подростков, принимающих схему на основе ингибиторов протеазы, необходимо повышать приверженность к терапии. Как один из объективных методов оценки приверженности можно использовать терапевтический лекарственный мониторинг.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   According to the World Health Organization, sustained virological suppression of 90 % should be achieved among children and adolescents living with HIV / AIDS, which makes it important to assess the prevalence of virological failure of antiretroviral therapy.   The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of virological failure and the clinical factors associated with it, as well as therapeutic drug monitoring in groups divided by the viral load level among children and adolescents with HIV.   Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 184 children and adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy and registered at the Irkutsk Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Irkutsk, was carried out. The study included 172 children aged 1-18 years with perinatal HIV infection. Patients were divided into groups depending on the level of viral load: group 1 – 21 patients with viral load &gt; 1000 copies/ml of plasma, group 2 – 42 patients with viral load 50– 1000 copies/ml of plasma, group 3 – 109 patients with undetectable viral load (&lt; 50 copies/ml). All patients underwent standard tests in accordance with clinical guidelines for the treatment of HIV infection in children, as well as therapeutic drug monitoring.   Results. Against the background of ongoing antiretroviral therapy, a significant number of patients 21 / 172 (12,2 %) experienced virological failure. The proportion of children and adolescents with incomplete suppression of HIV replication is 42 / 172 (24,4 %). Statistically significant differences were obtained by changing the ART regimen (p = 0,031). In the first group, the proportion of patients who changed the therapy regimen is 7 / 21 (33,3 %), which is two times less than in the group with a zero viral load of 70 / 109 (64,2 %). There are differences in the proportion of children and adolescents with zero concentrations of ritonavir and lopinavir (p = 0,020 and p = 0,012) in the three compared groups. The distribution of patients with zero concentrations was as follows: for ritonavir in the first group 3 / 17 (17,6 %), in the second – 8/37 (21,6 %), in the third group – 4/80 (5 %); for lopinavir – 4/17 (23,5 %), 6/36 (16,7 %), 3/80 (3,8 %), respectively.   Conclusion. This study demonstrates that the prevalence of virological failure among children and adolescents receiving ART remains high. To achieve sustained virological suppression in children and adolescents taking a protease inhibitor regimen, adherence to therapy must be increased. As one of the methods for assessing adherence, therapeutic drug monitoring can be used.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антиретровирусная терапия</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>подростки</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ / СПИД</kwd><kwd>вирусологическая неэффективность</kwd><kwd>терапевтический лекарственный мониторинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antiretroviral therapy</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>adolescents</kwd><kwd>HIV / AIDS</kwd><kwd>virological failure</kwd><kwd>therapeutic drug monitoring</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UNAIDS. Доступно по адресу: https://www.unaids.org/ru/resources/fact-sheet. [Дата обращения: 10 января 2021].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UNAIDS. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/ru/resources/fact-sheet. 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