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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2022-14-3-25-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-1393</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Препараты прямого противовирусного действия и блокирующие моноклональные антитела как основа этиотропной терапии новой коронавирусной инфекции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Direct antiviral drugs and blocking monoclonal antibodies as the basis of etiotropic therapy of a novel coronavirus infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусатов</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Musatov</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мусатов Владимир Борисович – заместитель главного врача по медицинской части КІБ им. С.П. Боткина, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней, дерматовенерологии и эпидемиологии медицинского факультета Санкт-Петербургского ГУ, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург; тел.: 8(812)717-77-61</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctormusatov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиническая инфекционная больница им. С.П. Боткина; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin; Saint-Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>спецвыпуск</issue-title><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мусатов В.Б., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мусатов В.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Musatov V.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1393">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1393</self-uri><abstract><p>В начале 2020 г. в мире была объявлена пандемия новой коронавирусной инфекции. С начала пандемии начались поиски препаратов для этиотропной терапии как основы лечения инфекционного процесса. В обзоре предоставлены данные о точках приложения противовирусной активности препаратов с учетом жизненного цикла этиологического агента – вируса SARS-CoV-2. Описаны механизмы воздействия препаратов на РНК-зависимую РНК-полимеразу (молнупиравир, ремдесивир, фавипиравир) и протеазу (нирматрелвир совместно с ритонавиром) SARS-CoV-2. Среди амбулаторных пациентов групп риска применение молнупиравира, назначенного до 5-го дня от начала заболевания, обеспечивало снижение риска госпитализации на 30% и риска смерти на 89%. Использование 10-дневного курса ремдесивира у стационарных больных приводило к сокращению продолжительности клинических проявлений на 5 дней, а использование препарата в течение 3 дней в амбулаторном режиме оказывало благоприятное влияние на группу больных высокого риска в виде снижения риска госпитализации и смерти на 87%. Среди амбулаторных пациентов, применявших фавипиравир, отмечалось наступление клинического улучшения на 4 дня раньше по сравнению с контрольной группой. Назначение нирматрелвира в сочетании с ритонавиром в амбулаторном режиме привело к уменьшению риска госпитализации или наступления летального исхода на 89%. Обсуждены молекулярная основа и принципы применения блокирующих моноклональных антител как принципиально новой группы биологических препаратов для этиотропной терапии. Представлена информация о воздействии препаратов на альфа-, бета-, гамма-, дельта- и омикрон-варианты вируса. Проанализирован профиль межлекарственного взаимодействия лекарственных средств и базисной терапии. Раннее начало этиотропной терапии в амбулаторном режиме обеспечивает более благоприятное течение заболевания, что характеризуется более короткой длительностью клинических проявлений, снижением риска госпитализации и наступления летального исхода.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>At the beginning of 2020, a pandemic of a novel coronavirus infection was declared in the world. Since the beginning of the pandemic, the search for drugs for etiotropic therapy as the basis for the treatment of the infectious process has begun. The review provides data on the application points of antiviral activity of drugs, taking into account the life cycle of the etiological agent – the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The mechanisms of drug action on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (molnupiravir, remdesivir, favipiravir) and protease (nirmatrelvir together with ritonavir) SARS-CoV-2 are described. Among of outpatient patients at risk, the use of molnupiravir up to 5 days from the onset of the disease provided a 30% reduction in the risk of hospitalization and an 89% reduction in the risk of death. The use of a 10-day course of remdesivir in inpatient patients led to a reduction in the duration of clinical manifestations by 5 days, and the use of the drug for 3 days on an outpatient basis had a beneficial effect on a group of high-risk patients in the form of a reduction in the risk of hospitalization and death by 87%. Among outpatient patients using favipiravir, the onset of clinical improvement was noted 4 days earlier compared to the control group. The administration of nirmatrelvir in combination with ritonavir on an outpatient basis led to an 89% reduction in the risk of hospitalization or death. The molecular basis and principles of the use of blocking monoclonal antibodies as a fundamentally new group of biological drugs for etiotropic therapy are discussed. Information is provided on the effects of drugs on alpha, beta, gamma, delta and omicron variants of the virus. The profile of drug-drug interaction of drugs and basic therapy is analyzed. Early initiation of etiotropic therapy on an outpatient regime provides a more favorable course of the disease, which is characterized by a shorter duration of clinical manifestations, a reduced risk of hospitalization and the onset of death.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новая коронавирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>препараты прямого противовирусного действия</kwd><kwd>блокирующие моноклональные антитела</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>novel coronavirus infection</kwd><kwd>direct antiviral drugs</kwd><kwd>blocking monoclonal antibodies</kwd><kwd>effectiveness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacobs JL. et al. 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