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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2022-14-4-51-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-1379</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальное исследование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-этиологическая характеристика пневмонии у детей с неблагоприятным исходом инфекционных заболеваний</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and etiological characteristics of pneumonia in children with a poor outcome of infectious diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козырев</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozyrev</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козырев Евгений Александрович – аспирант научно-исследовательского отдела капельных инфекций; тел.: 8(812)234-29-87</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kozyrev_zhenya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабаченко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babachenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бабаченко Ирина Владимировна – заведующая научно-исследовательским отделом капельных инфекций; профессор кафедры инфекционных заболеваний у детей ФП и ДПО, д.м.н., профессор; тел.: 8(812)234-29-87, +7-921-579-96-51</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">babachenko-doc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карев</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karev</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карев Вадим Евгеньевич – заведующий научно-исследовательским отделом патоморфологии, заведующий лабораторией патоморфологии, д.м.н.; тел.: +7-921-954-04-66</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vadimkarev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пименов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pimenov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пименов Даниил Андреевич – клинический ординатор; тел.: 8(812)234-29-87</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danila2pimenov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарипова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharipova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шарипова Елена Витальевна – старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела капельных инфекций, к.м.н.; тел.: 8(812)234-29-87</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lenowna2000@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орлова Елизавета Денисовна – младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела капельных инфекций; тел.: 8(812)234-29-87, +7-964-335-07-75</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">3x3.9@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тян</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tian</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тян Наталья Сергеевна – младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела капельных инфекций; тел.: 8(812) 234-29-87, +7-952-387-18-62</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tiannatalia94@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней; Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases; Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Козырев Е.А., Бабаченко И.В., Карев В.Е., Пименов Д.А., Шарипова Е.В., Орлова Е.Д., Тян Н.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козырев Е.А., Бабаченко И.В., Карев В.Е., Пименов Д.А., Шарипова Е.В., Орлова Е.Д., Тян Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozyrev E.A., Babachenko I.V., Karev V.E., Pimenov D.A., Sharipova E.V., Orlova E.D., Tian N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1379">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1379</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить клинико-этиологические особенности пневмонии у детей с неблагоприятным исходом инфекционных заболеваний.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ клинико-анамнестических и лабораторно-инструментальных данных 46 умерших от инфекционных заболеваний детей в период с декабря 2009 г. по ноябрь 2019 г., из которых у 26 больных на аутопсии выявлена пневмония. Этиология пневмонии определялась прижизненно и посмертно с помощью культурального, молекулярно-генетического, серологического, методов и иммуногистоцитохимического исследования ткани легких. Пневмония классифицировалась на первичную и вторичную.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У пациентов с пневмонией на фоне генерализованных инфекций (n=26) преобладали вторичные формы поражения легких – септические (n=14), вентилятор-ассоциированные (ВАП; n=5) и аспирационные (n=2); первичная пневмония выявлена у 5 детей. Показаны клинический полиморфизм и частое отсутствие характерных для пневмонии симптомов (кашель, одышка, аускультативные и перкуторные изменения) у детей в тяжелом состоянии, что обусловило прижизненную гиподиагностику пневмонии у 31% больных. Вероятная этиология пневмонии выявлена прижизненно в 58% случаев, постмортально – в 98%. При первичной пневмонии основными этиопатогенами являлись S. pneumoniae (40%) и H. influenzae типа b (40%), при септической – N. meningitidis (36%) и S. pneumoniae (29%), при аспирационной – комменсалы носо- и ротоглотки (S. salivarius), при ВАП – представители нозокомиальной флоры (S. aureus и коагулазоотрицательные стафилококки). У детей с ВИЧ-инфекцией пневмония во всех случаях была ассоциирована с возбудителями оппортунистических заболеваний (P. jirovecii, C. neoformans). В 87% случаев в нижних дыхательных путях обнаруживались полимикробные ассоциации, что затрудняет выявление основного возбудителя пневмонии.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Большинство синдромов и симптомов у детей с пневмонией на фоне генерализованных инфекций неспецифичны. Посмертное исследование аутопсийного материала улучшает этиологическую верификацию пневмонии у детей, позволяя предположить наиболее патогенетически и танатогенетически значимый возбудитель в случаях сочетанного поражения лёгких.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: to study the clinical and etiological features of pneumonia in children with a poor outcome of infectious diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The retrospective analysis of clinical, anamnestic, laboratory, instrumental data of 46 children who died from infectious diseases during the period from December 2009 to November 2019 was carried out, of which 26 patients had pneumonia at autopsy. The etiology of pneumonia was determined in vivo and postmortem using cultural, molecular genetic, serological methods and immunohistocytochemical examination of lung tissue. Pneumonia was classified into primary and secondary.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In patients with pneumonia in the structure of generalized infections (n=26) secondary forms prevailed (septic – 14 cases, ventilator-associated (VAP) – 5, aspiration – 2); primary pneumonia was detected in 5 children. Clinical polymorphism and frequent absence of typical symptoms of pneumonia (cough, shortness of breath, auscultatory and percussion changes) were shown, that led to intravital underdiagnosis of pneumonia in 31% of patients. The probable etiology of pneumonia was detected in vivo and postmortem in 58% and 98% of cases respectively. S. pneumoniae (40%) and H. influenzae type b (40%) were main pathogens in primary pneumonia, N. meningitidis (36%) and S. pneumoniae (29%) – in septic pneumonia, commensals of naso- and oropharynx (S. salivarius) – in aspiration pneumonia, nosocomial bacteria (S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci) – in VAP. In children with HIV infection, pneumonia was associated with opportunistic pathogens (P. jirovecii, C. neoformans). In 87% of cases polymicrobial associations were found in lower airways, that makes it difficult to identify the main causative agent of pneumonia.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Most of symptoms of pediatric pneumonia in the structure of generalized infections are nonspecific. Post-mortem study improves the etiological verification of pneumonia and allow to suggest the most pathogenetically and thanatogenetically significant pathogen.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>инфекции</kwd><kwd>летальный исход</kwd><kwd>аутопсия</kwd><kwd>пневмония</kwd><kwd>этиология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>infections</kwd><kwd>death</kwd><kwd>autopsy</kwd><kwd>pneumonia</kwd><kwd>etiology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levels &amp; Trends in Child Mortality. Report 2020. Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation [Internet]. United Nations Children’s Fund; c2020 [cited 2022 Jul 21]. 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