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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2022-14-2-5-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-1348</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Lead article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>От примитивной медицины джунглей – к современной тропической медицине: история прогресса и современные проблемы в борьбе с тропическими болезнями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>From primitive jungle medicine to tropical medicine: history of progress and current challenges in the tropical disease control</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бронштейн</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bronstein</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бронштейн Александр Маркович – профессор, д.м.н.; тел.: 8 (495)434-30-77</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bronstein@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобзин</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobzin</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лобзин Юрий Владимирович – президент; заведующий кафедрой инфекционных болезней; главный научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского центра; д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, академик РАН; тел.: 8(812)234-18-62</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nidi@niidi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козлов Сергей Сергеевич – врач клинической лабораторной диагностики; профессор; профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней взрослых и эпидемиологии; д.м.н., профессор; тел.: 8(812)292-33-51</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">infectology@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бирг</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Birg</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бирг Анна Борисовна – студентка; тел.: 8(495)609-14-00</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annettabirg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова; Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov; Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней; Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова; Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский педиатрический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases; Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov; Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бронштейн А.М., Лобзин Ю.В., Козлов С.С., Бирг А.Б., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бронштейн А.М., Лобзин Ю.В., Козлов С.С., Бирг А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bronstein A.M., Lobzin Y.V., Kozlov S.S., Birg A.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1348">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1348</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются исторические аспекты формирования тропической медицины, которая прошла путь от формального накопления знаний о тропической патологии, их предварительного анализа до открытия возбудителей и научного поиска мер борьбы. Широкий видовой спектр возбудителей паразитозов, благоприятный жаркий тропический климат в совокупности с низким социально-экономическим развитием этих регионов и всеобщей бедностью населения являлись основными причинами массового распространения тропических заболеваний. Вспышки тропических болезней в армиях разных стран мира в период колониальной эры заставляли военных врачей идти по пути их изучения, отталкиваясь от собственных знаний, накопленного опыта и опыта местного населения. Все это явилось мощным стимулом развития науки в области гигиены, эпидемиологии, диагностики и лечения тропической патологии. Сделанные в этот период открытия позволили колонистам из Европы обустроить свою жизнь в тропиках, создавать инфраструктуру и реализовывать проекты, которые оказывали существенное влияние на развитие мировой экономики. Примером может служить строительство Суэцкого и Панамского каналов, которые не только заметно оживили экономические связи между континентами, но и способствовали изучению местной патологии, разработке мер борьбы и профилактики тропических заболеваний. Представлены краткие биографии российских ученых и военных врачей, совершивших заметные открытия в области тропической медицины, значимость которых существенно возросла в последние годы в связи ростом международного туризма, а также с продолжающимися военными конфликтами в странах тропического пояса Земли, увеличивающимся числом беженцев и мигрантов из этих регионов. В эру «глобализации», когда отмечается расширение торговых связей между государствами, формируются мощные международные экономические рынки, создаются условия для роста инфекционной заболеваемости, возникновения новых и возвращающихся инфекций, в том числе и тропических. Все это диктует необходимость координации усилий многих государств в противодействие надвигающейся угрозе вспышек инфекционных, в том числе и тропических (neglected – забытых) заболеваний. Изучение истории тропической медицины и опыта успешной борьбы с болезнями в тропиках в колониальную эпоху, а также успехов в этой борьбе военной медицины различных стран могут оказать противодействие «вызовам» нового времени.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have long been overlooked in the global health agenda. The article is intended to generate information in consideration of the history of colonization of tropical countries with a special focus on tropical diseases especially common in the army during colonial wars and throughout the colonial era. Extreme poverty and warm tropical climates are the two most potent forces promoting the spread of neglected tropical diseases. European colonial doctors made valuable contribution towards understanding them and discovery these diseases. Large outbreaks of infectious and tropical diseases occurred in the Army throughout the colonial era, strongly influenced the formation of the Army Medical Services including provision for teaching and research. Subsequent improvements in prevention, diagnosis and treatment reduced the mortality from tropical diseases. Now in an era of “globalized” environment of interdependent trade, travel, migration, and international economic markets, many factors play an important role in the rise, emergence, and reemergence of tropical infectious disease, which necessitates a coordinated, global response. Many of the emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are also “neglected,” meaning they impact the world’s poorest and lack adequate funding and innovation for prevention and treatment, with some not adequately identified or studied. Although progress has been made in the management of neglected disease, there remains much work to be done. During the coming decade the global response will be able to further build on today’s successes, align with the new global health and development frameworks.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тропические болезни</kwd><kwd>колониальная медицина</kwd><kwd>колониальные войны</kwd><kwd>история</kwd><kwd>миграция</kwd><kwd>глобализация</kwd><kwd>«забытые» болезни</kwd><kwd>военная медицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colonial wars</kwd><kwd>“neglected” tropical diseases</kwd><kwd>tropical medicine</kwd><kwd>emerging diseases</kwd><kwd>reemerging diseases</kwd><kwd>history</kwd><kwd>military medicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. 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