jofinЖурнал инфектологииJournal Infectology2072-6732IPO “АIDSSPbR"10.22625/2072-6732-2022-14-1-5-19jofin-1303Research ArticleОбзорReviewВакцины на основе мРНК для профилактики коронавирусной инфекцииmRNA-based vaccines for the prevention of coronavirus infectionХаритС. М.KharitS. M.

Харит Сусанна Михайловна – руководитель отдела профилактики инфекционных заболеваний; профессор кафедры инфекционных заболеваний у детей ФП и ДПО, д.м.н., профессор

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

kharit-s@mail.ruФридманИ. В.FridmanI. V.

Фридман Ирина Владимировна – старший научный сотрудник отдела профилактики инфекционных заболеваний, к.м.н. 

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

fridiv@mail.ruДетский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней; Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университетРоссияPediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases; Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityRussian FederationДетский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезнейРоссияPediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious DiseasesRussian Federation202204042022141519Copyright © Харит С.М., Фридман И.В., 20222022Харит С.М., Фридман И.В.Kharit S.M., Fridman I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1303

С марта 2020 г. Всемирная организация здравоохранения объявила пандемию коронавирусной инфекции. Практически сразу начались разработки вакцин, согласно рекомендациям, опубликованным Всемирной организацией здравоохранения. В настоящий момент 137 вакцин в мире проходят клинические испытания и 194 находятся на стадии доклинических исследований. Кандидатные вакцины разработаны с использованием различных технологических платформ. В данной статье представлены данные по безопасности и эффективности мРНК-вакцин против новой коронавирусной инфекции у детей и подростков. Отмечен высокий популяционный эффект данных вакцин до распространения вариантов дельта и омикрон и некоторое снижение эффективности в отношении новых вариантов коронавируса. Также описаны результаты применения данных препаратов у пациентов из группы риска: онкологические больные и лица с аутоиммунными и аутовоспалительными заболеваниями.

В обзоре проанализированы данные литературы о безопасности и эффективности применения мРНКвакцин против коронавирусной инфекции. Используемые в настоящее время мРНК вакцины против новой коронавирусной инфекции безопасны и эффективны даже среди пациентов из групп риска (онкологические больные и лица с аутоиммунными или аутовоспалительными заболеваниями).

Результаты исследований и пострегистрационного контроля за мРНК-вакцинами подчеркивают их профиль безопасности и эффективности, что подтверждает возможность и необходимость в массовом использовании. 

Since March 2020, the World Health Organization has declared a coronavirus infection pandemic. Almost immediately, the development of vaccines began, according to the recommendations published by WHO. Currently, 137 vaccines in the world are undergoing clinical trials and 194 are at the stage of preclinical studies. Candidate vaccines have been developed using a variety of technology platforms. This article presents data on the safety and efficacy of mRNA vaccines against a new coronavirus infection in children and adolescents. A high population effect of these vaccines was noted before the spread of Delta and Omicron variants and a slight decrease in effectiveness against new coronavirus variants. The results of the use of these drugs in patients at risk are also described: cancer patients and people with autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.

The review analyzed literature data on the safety and efficacy of mRNA vaccines against coronavirus infection. Currently used mRNA vaccines against novel coronavirus infection are safe and effective even among patients at risk (cancer patients and individuals with autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases).

The results of studies and post-registration monitoring of mRNA vaccines emphasize their safety and efficacy profile, which confirms the possibility and need for mass use. 

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Galvani Impact of accelerating booster vaccination amidst Omicron surge in the United States medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.22.22269655Press release Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) advice on COVID-19 booster vaccines for those aged 18 to 39 and a second dose for ages 12 to 15 https://www.gov.uk/government/news/jcvi-advice-on-covid19-booster-vaccines-for-those-aged-18-to-39-and-a-seconddose-for-ages-12-to-15Press release Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) advice on COVID-19 booster vaccines for those aged 18 to 39 and a second dose for ages 12 to 15 https://www.gov.uk/government/news/jcvi-advice-on-covid19-booster-vaccines-for-those-aged-18-to-39-and-a-seconddose-for-ages-12-to-15COVID-19 booster vaccine programme for winter 2021 to 2022: JCVI statement, November 2021 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-booster-vaccineprogramme-for-winter-2021-to-2022-jcvi-statement-november-2021 Update to JCVI advice on booster vaccination in adults, 15 November 2021 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-booster-vaccine-programme-for-winter2021-to-2022-jcvi-statement-november-2021/update-to-jcviadvice-on-booster-vaccination-in-adults-15-november-2021COVID-19 booster vaccine programme for winter 2021 to 2022: JCVI statement, November 2021 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-booster-vaccineprogramme-for-winter-2021-to-2022-jcvi-statement-november-2021 Update to JCVI advice on booster vaccination in adults, 15 November 2021 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-booster-vaccine-programme-for-winter2021-to-2022-jcvi-statement-november-2021/update-to-jcviadvice-on-booster-vaccination-in-adults-15-november-2021TECHNICAL REPORT Overview of the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination strategies and deployment plans in the EU/EEA 11 November 2021 https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/COVID-19-vaccination-strategies-and-deployment-plans-Nov-2021.pdfTechnical report overview of the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination strategies and deployment plans in the EU/EEA 11 November 2021 https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/COVID-19-vaccination-strategies-anddeployment-plans-Nov-2021.pdfL. Burnett,K.J.L. Jackson,D.B. Langley et al., Immunizations with diverse sarbecovirus receptorbinding domains elicit SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies against a conserved site of vulnerability2021, Immunity 54, 2908–2921 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2021.10.019. L. Burnett,K.J.L. Jackson,D.B. Langley et al., Immunizations with diverse sarbecovirus receptorbinding domains elicit SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies against a conserved site of vulnerability2021, Immunity 54, 2908–2921 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2021.10.019This article is part of a series of explainers on vaccine development and distribution. Learn more about vaccines – from how they work and how they’re made to ensuring safety and equitable access – in WHO’s Vaccines Explained series. https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/theeffects-of-virus-variants-on-covid-19-vaccinesThis article is part of a series of explainers on vaccine development and distribution. Learn more about vaccines – from how they work and how they’re made to ensuring safety and equitable access – in WHO’s Vaccines Explained series. https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/theeffects-of-virus-variants-on-covid-19-vaccinesPreliminary data indicate COVID-19 vaccines remain effective against severe disease and hospitalisation caused by the Omicron variant News 11/01/2022 https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/preliminary-data-indicate-covid-19-vaccines-remain-effective-against-severe-disease-hospitalisationPreliminary data indicate COVID-19 vaccines remain effective against severe disease and hospitalisation caused by the Omicron variant News 11/01/2022 https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/preliminary-data-indicate-covid-19-vaccines-remain-effective-against-severe-disease-hospitalisation

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.