jofinЖурнал инфектологииJournal Infectology2072-6732IPO “АIDSSPbR"10.22625/2072-6732-2021-13-2-14-26jofin-1201Research ArticleОбзорыReviewИнвазивный кандидоз у детейInvasive candidiasis in childrenКлимкоН. Н.KlimkoN. N.

заведующий кафедрой клинической микологии, аллергологии и иммунологии, д.м.н., профессор,

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

n_klimko@mail.ruКозловаО. П.KozlovaO. P.

ассистент кафедры клинический микологии, аллергологии и иммунологии,

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

olgakozlova07@gmail.comСеверо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. МечниковаРоссияNorth-West State Medical University named after I.I. MechnikovRussian Federation2021090720211321426Copyright © Климко Н.Н., Козлова О.П., 20212021Климко Н.Н., Козлова О.П.Klimko N.N., Kozlova O.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1201

Распространенность инвазивного кандидоза в педиатрических стационарах составляет от 4,3 до 15,2 на 10 000 госпитализированных, в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии – от 3,5 до 7 случаев на 1000, при проведении трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток – 2,9%. Средний срок пребывания пациента в стационаре до развития инвазивного кандидоза варьирует от 21 до 56 дней, в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии превышает 15 суток. Знание факторов риска (пребывание в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии ≥15 дней, применение антибактериальных лекарственных средств и парентерального питания, активное злокачественное новообразование и пр.) позволяет выявить пациентов с высоким (10– 46%) риском развития инвазивного кандидоза. Сandida albicans остается ведущим возбудителем инвазивного кандидоза у детей, но увеличилось количество инфекций, вызванных не-albicans Candida spp. и отмечен рост устойчивости возбудитетей инвазивного кандидоза к азольным антимикотикам. Основной клинический вариант инвазивного кандидоза у детей – кандидемия, возможно поражение центральной нервной системы, органов брюшной полости, органов зрения, сердца, костей и суставов, почек, кожи и подкожной клетчатки, а также хронический диссеминированный (гепатолиенальный) кандидоз. Посев крови (основной метод лабораторной диагностики инвазивного кандидоза) отличается низкой чувствительностью и требует длительного времени. Методы некультуральной диагностики ИК (определение 1,3-β-d-глюкана, маннана и антиманнановых антител, Т2 Candida) у детей изучены недостаточно. Основные препараты для лечения инвазивного кандидоза у детей – эхинокандины (анидулафунгин и пр.), кроме того, необходима замена центрального венозного катетера. Общая летальность педиатрических пациентов в течение 30 дней после диагностики инвазивного кандидоза составляет от 37% до 44%. 

The prevalence of invasive candidiasis (IC) in pediatric hospitals is from 4,3 to 15,2 per 10,000 hospitalized, in ICU – from 3,5 to 7 cases per 1,000, with HSCT – 2,9%. The average length of stay of a patient in the hospital before the development of IC varies from 21 to 56 days, in the ICU – more than 15 days. Knowledge of risk factors (ICU stay for ≥15 days, use of antibacterial drugs and parenteral nutrition, active malignant neoplasm, etc.) makes it possible to identify patients with a high (10-46%) risk of developing IC. Candida albicans remains the leading causative agent of IC in children, but infections with non-albicans Candida spp. have increased and an increase in the resistance of IC pathogens to azole antimycotics was noted. The main clinical variant of IC in children is candidemia, other forms include the central nervous system, abdominal organs, eyes, heart, bones and joints, kidneys, skin and subcutaneous tissue involvement, as well as chronic disseminated (hepatolienal) candidiasis. Blood culture, the main method of laboratory diagnostics of IC, is characterized by low sensitivity and requires a long time. Methods of noncultural diagnostics of IC (1,3-β-D-glucan, mannan and antimannan antibodies, T2 Candida etc) in children have not been sufficiently studied. The main drugs for the treatment of IC in children are echinocandins (anidulafungin, etc.), and CVC removal/replacement is necessary. The overall mortality rate in pediatric patients within 30 days after the diagnosis of IC is 37% to 44%.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.