<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2020-12-3-42-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-1077</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальное исследование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Антигенные свойства изолята коронавируса SARS-CoV-2/human/RUS/Nsk-FRCFTM-1/202, выделенного от пациента в Новосибирске</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antigenic properties of sARs-CoV-2/human/RUs/nsk-FRCFtM-1/2020 coronavirus isolate from a patient in novosibirsk</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепурнов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chepurnov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чепурнов Александр Алексеевич – ведущий научный сотрудник отдела экспериментального моделирования и патогенеза инфекционных заболеваний, д.б.н., профессор </p><p>Новосибирск; тел.: 8(383)335-94-05</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexa.che.purnov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаршов</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharshov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаршов Кирилл Александрович – заведующий лабораторией моделирования и мониторинга инфекционных процессов, к.б.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sharshov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казачинская</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazachinskaya</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казачинская Елена Ивановна – ведущий научный сотрудник отдела экспериментального моделирования и патогенеза инфекционных заболеваний, д.б.н.</p><p>Новосибирск; тел.: 8(383)335-94-05</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lena.kazachinskaia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кононова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kononova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кононова Юлия Владимировна – старший научный сотрудник отдела экспериментального моделирования и патогенеза инфекционных заболеваний, к.б.н. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuliakononova07@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казачкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazachkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgesha_c@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хрипко</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khripko</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хрипко Ольга Павловна – старший научный сотрудник отдела экспериментального моделирования и патогенеза инфекционных заболеваний, к.б.н. </p><p>Новосибирск; тел.: 8(383)335-94-05</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khripkoolga@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрченко</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurchenko</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрченко Ксения Сергеевна – старший научный сотрудник лаборатории моделирования и мониторинга инфекционных процессов, к.б.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">xenia7yurchenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеев Александр Юрьевич – заведующий лабораторией разработки и испытания фармакологических средств, к.б.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al-alexok@ngs.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воевода</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voevoda</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воевода Михаил Иванович – Врио директора, д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">director@centercem.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестопалов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestopalov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шестопалов Александр Михайлович – заведующий отделом экспериментального моделирования и патогенеза инфекционных заболеваний, д.б.н., профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shestopalov2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины Сибирского отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch of&#13;
Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чепурнов А.А., Шаршов К.А., Казачинская Е.И., Кононова Ю.В., Казачкова Е.А., Хрипко О.П., Юрченко К.С., Алексеев А.Ю., Воевода М.И., Шестопалов А.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чепурнов А.А., Шаршов К.А., Казачинская Е.И., Кононова Ю.В., Казачкова Е.А., Хрипко О.П., Юрченко К.С., Алексеев А.Ю., Воевода М.И., Шестопалов А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chepurnov A.A., Sharshov K.A., Kazachinskaya E.I., Kononova Y.V., Kazachkova E.A., Khripko O.P., Yurchenko K.S., Alekseev A.Y., Voevoda M.I., Shestopalov A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1077">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1077</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: изоляция коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 из образцов носоглоточных мазков, положительных на наличие РНК SARS-CoV-2, получение инактивированного цельновирионного антигена и изучение его антигенных свойств. Материалы и методы: изоляцию вируса проводили на культуре клеток Vero из вируссодержащего образца клинического материала (мазок из носоглотки). Эффективность репликации вируса SARS-CoV-2 на культуре клеток оценивали по динамике появления цитопатического действия и наличию вирусной РНК при анализе культуральной жидкости методом обратной транскрипции – полимеразной цепной реакции. Очистку, концентрацию и инактивацию вирусного препарата проводили по стандартной методике. Степень чистоты очищенного препарата и профиль вирусных белков определяли методом электрофореза в 10% полиакриламидном геле с добавлением додецилсульфата натрия. Наличие и специфичность вирусных белков выявляли с помощью сывороток крови реконвалесцентов с диагнозом «COVID-19» методами иммуноферментного анализа и иммуноблоттинга. Результаты: из вируссодержащего клинического образца был выделен изолят SARS-CoV-2/human/RUS/ Nsk-FRCFTM-1/2020 и получен очищенный, концентрированный, инактивированный цельновирионный антиген, содержащий три структурных белка – гликопротеин S (примерно 200 кДа), нуклеопротеин N (48 кДа) и матриксный М (20-25 кДа), выявляемые антителами сывороток крови реконвалесцентов с диагнозом COVID-19. Заключение: показана возможность изоляции коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 на культуре клеток Vero. В очищенном вирусном препарате, инактивированном в лизирующем растворе, сохраняется антигенная специфичность трех структурных вирусных белков (S, N, и М), выявляемых антителами сывороток крови реконвалесцентов с диагнозом COVID-19. Инактивированный цельновирионный антиген изолята SARS-CoV-2/human/ RUS/Nsk-FRCFTM-1/2020 может быть использован для изучения антигенных иммуномодулирующих свойств вирусных белков, получения иммунных сывороток лабораторных животных, а также в качестве компонента тест-систем для выявления специфичных антител методом ИФА и иммуноблоттинга.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: isolation of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 from clinical sample of patient with COVID-19 in Novosibirsk; obtaining a purified and inactivated viral antigen and study of its antigenic properties. Materials and methods: virus isolation was carried out in Vero cell culture from nasopharyngeal swab positive on SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The efficiency of SARSCoV-2 replication in cell culture was assessed on the appearance of cytopathic effect (CPE) and the presence of viral RNA in cultural medium with reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Purification, concentration and inactivation of the viral preparation were carried out according to standard methods. The purity of the purified preparation and the profile of viral proteins were determined by electrophoresis in 10% polyacrylamide gel (PAG) with the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The presence and specificity of viral proteins were detected using COVID-19 convalescent’s sera with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. Results: SARS-CoV-2/human/ RUS/Nsk-FRCFTM-1/2020 isolate was obtained after passage on Vero cells from a virus-containing clinical sample. A purified, concentrated, inactivated, whole-virion antigen was obtained. It contains three structural proteins: glycoprotein S (approximately 200 kDa), nucleoprotein N (48 kDa), and matrix protein M (20-25 kDa). All viral proteins were detected with serum antibodies of COVID-19 convalescents. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus can be isolated in Vero cell culture. The antigenic specificity of the three structural viral proteins (S, N, and M) is preserved in the purified inactivated viral preparation. The inactivated whole-virion antigen of SARS-CoV-2/human/RUS/Nsk-FRCFTM-1/2020 isolate can be used to study the antigenic immunomodulating properties of viral proteins, to obtain immune sera of laboratory animals, and also as a component of test systems for the detection of specific antibodies with ELISA and immunoblotting.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коронавирус тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома 2 типа (SARS-CoV-2)</kwd><kwd>коронавирусная инфекция 2019 (COVID-19)</kwd><kwd>культура клеток Vero</kwd><kwd>вирусные белки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>severe acute respiratory syndrome type 2&#13;
coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)</kwd><kwd>coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19)</kwd><kwd>Vero cell culture</kwd><kwd>viral proteins</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release. EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ (дата обращения 10.06.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release. EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019. International website [Internet]. Available from: https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ (10.06.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masters, P.S. The molecular biology of coronaviruses / P.S. Masters // Adv. Virus. Res. – 2006. – Vol. 66. – P. 193- 292. – doi: 10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66005-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masters, P.S. The molecular biology of coronaviruses / P.S. Masters // Adv. Virus. Res. – 2006. – Vol. 66. – P. 193- 292. – doi: 10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66005-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Accessory proteins of SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses / D.X. Liu, T.S. Fung, K.K. Chong, et al. // Antiviral Res. – 2014. – Vol. 109. – P. 97-109. – doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.06.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Accessory proteins of SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses / D.X. Liu, T.S. Fung, K.K. Chong, et al. // Antiviral Res. – 2014. – Vol. 109. – P. 97-109. – doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.06.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status / Y.R. Guo, Q.D. Cao, Z.S. Hong, et al. // Mil. Med. Res. – 2020. – Vol. 7. – N. 1. – P. 11. – doi: 10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status / Y.R. Guo, Q.D. Cao, Z.S. Hong, et al. // Mil. Med. Res. – 2020. – Vol. 7. – N. 1. – P. 11. – doi: 10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вступительное слово Генерального директора ВОЗ на брифинге по COVID-19 для постоянных представительств – 12 марта 2020 г. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.who.int/ru/dg/speeches/detail/who-directorgeneral-s-opening-remarks-at-the-mission-briefing-on-covid-19---12-march-2020 (дата обращения 19.06.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the Mission briefing on COVID-19 – 12 March 2020. International website [Internet]. URL: https://www.who.int/ru/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-mission-briefing-on-covid-19---12-march-2020 (available 19.06.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Virus Isolation from the First Patient with SARS-CoV-2 in Korea / W.B. Park, N.J. Kwon, S.J. Choi, et al. // J. Korean Med. Sci. – 2020 – Vol. 35. – N. 7. – e84. – doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Virus Isolation from the First Patient with SARS-CoV-2 in Korea / W.B. Park, N.J. Kwon, S.J. Choi, et al. // J. Korean Med. Sci. – 2020 – Vol. 35. – N. 7. – e84. – doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Получение очищенного вируса Эбола / А.А. Чепурнов [и др.] // Вопросы вирусологии. – 1994. – Т. 39, № 6. – С. 254–257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isolation of purified Ebola virus / A.A. Chepurnov, N.V. Merzlikin, E.I. Ryabchikova et al. // Vopr. Virusol. – 1994. – Vol. 39. – N. 6. – P. 254-257. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Разумов, И.А. Антигенные отличия дикого и адаптированного к морским свинкам штаммов вируса Эбола / И.А. Разумов, Е.И. Казачинская, А.А. Чепурнов // Вопросы вирусологии. – 2010. – Т. 55. – №. 6. – С. 35-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Razumov I.A. Antigenic differences in wild-type and guinea pig-adapted Ebola virus strains / I.A. Razumov, E.I. Kazachinskaia, A.A. Chepurnov // Vopr. Virusol. – 2010. – Vol. 55. – N. 6. – P. 35-38. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Взаимодействие фрагментов оболочечного белка вируса Зика с антителами сывороток людей, переболевших флавивирусными инфекциями / Д.В. Шаньшин [и др.] // Инфекция и иммунитет. – 2020. – Т. 10, № 1. – С. 73– 82. – doi: 10.15789/2220-7619-AIO-805.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">An interaction of Zika virus envelope fragments with serum antibodies derived from subjects after flavivirus infections / D.V. Shanshin, A.Yu. Bakulina, E.I. Kazachinskaia et al. // Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity = Infektsiya i immunitet – 2020. – Vol. 10. – N. 1. – P. 73–82. – doi: 10.15789/2220-7619-AIO-805. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Казачинская, Е.И. Штамм гибридных клеток животного Mus musculus L. 5Н6 – продуцент моноклональных антител для выявления гликопротеина Е вируса Западного Нила; моноклональные антитела 5Н6, продуцируемые указанным штаммом гибридных клеток и иммуноферментный набор для выявления гликопротеина вируса Западного Нила с использованием указанных моноклональных антител / Е.И. Казачинская, И.А. Разумов, В.Б. Локтев // Патент на изобретение RU 2595429 C1, 27.08.2016. Заявка № 2015115059/10 от 21.04.2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazachinskaia, E.I. Strain of hybrid animal cells Mus musculus L. 5H6 – producer of monoclonal antibodies for detecting glycoprotein E of West Nile virus, 5H6 monoclonal antibodies produced by said strain of hybrid cells, and immunoenzymometric kit for detecting glycoprotein E of West Nile virus using said monoclonal antibodies / E.I. Kazachinskaia, I.A. Razumov, V.B. Loktev // Patent RU 2595429 C1, 27.08.2016. Application № 2015115059/10 at 21.04.2015. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sturman L.S. I. Structural Proteins: Effects of Preparative Conditions on the Migration of Protein in Polyacrylamide Gels. / L.S. Sturman. // J. Virol. – 1977. – Vol. 77. – N. 2. – P. 637- 649. – doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90488-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sturman L.S. I. Structural Proteins: Effects of Preparative Conditions on the Migration of Protein in Polyacrylamide Gels. / L.S. Sturman. // J. Virol. – 1977. – Vol. 77. – N. 2. – P. 637- 649. – doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90488-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dea S. Identification and Location of the Structural Glycoproteins of a Tissue Culture-Adapted Turkey Enteric Coronavirus. / S. Dea, S. Garzon, P. Tijssen // Arch Virol. – 1989. – Vol. 106. –N. 3-4. – P. 221-237. doi: 10.1007/BF01313955.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dea S. Identification and Location of the Structural Glycoproteins of a Tissue Culture-Adapted Turkey Enteric Coronavirus. / S. Dea, S. Garzon, P. Tijssen // Arch Virol. – 1989. – Vol. 106. –N. 3-4. – P. 221-237. doi: 10.1007/BF01313955.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus (Isolate BJ01) / E.D. Qin, Q.Y. Zhu, M. Yu, et al. // Chin. Sci. Bull. – 2003. – N. 48. – P. 941-948. doi: 10.1007/BF03184203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus (Isolate BJ01) / E.D. Qin, Q.Y. Zhu, M. Yu, et al. // Chin. Sci. Bull. – 2003. – N. 48. – P. 941-948. doi: 10.1007/BF03184203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rapid Development of an Inactivated Vaccine Candidate for SARS-CoV-19 / Q. Gao, L. Bao, M. Haiyan, et al. // Science. – 2020. – eabc1932. – doi: 10.1126/science.abc1932</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rapid Development of an Inactivated Vaccine Candidate for SARS-CoV-19 / Q. Gao, L. Bao, M. Haiyan, et al. // Science. – 2020. – eabc1932. – doi: 10.1126/science.abc1932</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuo L. Analyses of Coronavirus Assembly Interactions With Interspecies Membrane and Nucleocapsid Protein Chimeras. / L. Kuo, K.R. Hurst-Hess, C.A. Koetzner, et al. // J. Virol. – 2016. – Vol. 90. – N. 9. – P. 4357-4368. – doi: 10.1128/JVI.03212-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuo L. Analyses of Coronavirus Assembly Interactions With Interspecies Membrane and Nucleocapsid Protein Chimeras. / L. Kuo, K.R. Hurst-Hess, C.A. Koetzner, et al. // J. Virol. – 2016. – Vol. 90. – N. 9. – P. 4357-4368. – doi: 10.1128/JVI.03212-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu X. Profile of Antibodies to the Nucleocapsid Protein of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-associated Coronavirus in Probable SARS Patients. / X. Liu, Y. Shi, P. Li, et al. // Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. – 2004. – Vol. 11. – N. 1. – P. 227-228. – doi: 10.1128/cdli.11.1.227-228.2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu X. Profile of Antibodies to the Nucleocapsid Protein of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-associated Coronavirus in Probable SARS Patients. / X. Liu, Y. Shi, P. Li, et al. // Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. – 2004. – Vol. 11. – N. 1. – P. 227-228. – doi: 10.1128/cdli.11.1.227-228.2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van der Hoek L. Human coronaviruses: what do they cause? / L. van der Hoek // Antivir. Ther. – 2007. – Vol. 12. – N. 4. – Pt. B. – P. 651-658.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van der Hoek L. Human coronaviruses: what do they cause? / L. van der Hoek // Antivir. Ther. – 2007. – Vol. 12. – N. 4. – Pt. B. – P. 651-658.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses / E. de Wit, N. van Doremalen, D. Falzarano, et al. // Nat. Rev. Microbiol. – 2016. – Vol. 14. – N. 8. P. 523-534. – doi: 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses / E. de Wit, N. van Doremalen, D. Falzarano, et al. // Nat. Rev. Microbiol. – 2016. – Vol. 14. – N. 8. P. 523-534. – doi: 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor / M. Hoffmann, H. Kleine-Weber, S. Schroeder, et al. // Cell. – 2020. – Vol. 181. – N. 2. – P. 271-280. – e8. – doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor / M. Hoffmann, H. Kleine-Weber, S. Schroeder, et al. // Cell. – 2020. – Vol. 181. – N. 2. – P. 271-280. – e8. – doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Use of viral lysate antigen combined with recombinant protein in Western immunoblot assay as confirmatory test for serodiagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome / M. Guan, H.Y. Chen, P.H. Tan, et al. // Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. – 2004 – Vol. 11. – N. 6. P. 1148–1153. – doi: 10.1128/CDLI.11.6.1148-1153.2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Use of viral lysate antigen combined with recombinant protein in Western immunoblot assay as confirmatory test for serodiagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome / M. Guan, H.Y. Chen, P.H. Tan, et al. // Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. – 2004 – Vol. 11. – N. 6. P. 1148–1153. – doi: 10.1128/ CDLI.11.6.1148-1153.2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antibody responses to individual proteins of SARS coronavirus and their neutralization activities / M. Qiu, Y. Shi, Z. Guo, et al. // Microbes Infect./Institut Pasteur. – 2005. – Vol. 7. – N. (5-6). – P. 882-889. – doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.02.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antibody responses to individual proteins of SARS coronavirus and their neutralization activities / M. Qiu, Y. Shi, Z. Guo, et al. // Microbes Infect./Institut Pasteur. – 2005. – Vol. 7. – N. (5-6). – P. 882-889. – doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.02.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study / K.K. To, O.T. Tsang, W.S. Leung, et al. // Lancet Infect. Dis. – 2020. – Vol. 20. – N. 5. – P. 565-574. – doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30196-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study / K.K. To, O.T. Tsang, W.S. Leung, et al. // Lancet Infect. Dis. – 2020. – Vol. 20. – N. 5. – P. 565-574. – doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30196-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Profile of IgG and IgM antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) / J. Qu, C. Wu, X. Li, et al. // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2020. – ciaa489. – doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa489.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Profile of IgG and IgM antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) / J. Qu, C. Wu, X. Li, et al. // Clin. Infect. Dis. – 2020. – ciaa489. – doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa489.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Serological responses in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection and cross-reactivity with human coronaviruses 229E, OC43, and NL63. / K.H. Chan, V.C. Cheng, P.C. Woo, et al. // Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. – 2005. Vol. 12. – N. 11. – P. 1317-1321. – doi: 10.1128/CDLI.12.11.1317-1321.2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serological responses in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection and cross-reactivity with human coronaviruses 229E, OC43, and NL63. / K.H. Chan, V.C. Cheng, P.C. Woo, et al. // Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. – 2005. Vol. 12. – N. 11. – P. 1317-1321. – doi: 10.1128/CDLI.12.11.1317-1321.2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
