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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jofin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Журнал инфектологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal Infectology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6732</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IPO “АIDSSPbR"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22625/2072-6732-2020-12-1-35-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jofin-1010</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы дифференциальной диагностики очаговых поражений головного мозга у пациентов  с ВИЧ-инфекцией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of differential diagnosis of focal brain lesions  in patients with HIV infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомина</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomina</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фомина Мария Юрьевна –  профессор кафедры психоневрологии ФП и ДПО, д.м.н.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, тел.: +7-921-961-0-157</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">myfomina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Титова Мария Алексеевна – ассистент кафедры лучевой диагностики и лучевой терапии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, тел.: +7-921-642-28-39</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">crista_07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after. I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фомина М.Ю., Титова М.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фомина М.Ю., Титова М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fomina M.Y., Titova M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1010">https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1010</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время ведущей причиной социальной дезадаптации и инвалидизации пациентов на продвинутых стадиях ВИЧ-инфекции, а также неблагоприятных исходов является наличие тяжелых коморбидных вариантов течения ВИЧ-инфекции: ВИЧ и коинфекция хронических вирусных гепатитов, туберкулез, ВИЧ и злокачественные опухоли, ВИЧ-ассоциированные неврологические заболевания. В педиатрической практике наиболее актуальными являются сочетание ВИЧиндуцированных и перинатальных поражений ЦНС. Дифференциальный диагноз данных состояний сложен вследствие полиморфизма клинических проявлений и возможности сочетания у пациентов нескольких патологических состояний одновременно. Нейровизуализационные данные не всегда имеют четкие критерии, позволяющие точно установить причину церебральных повреждений. В работе представлены данные собственных клинико-нейровизуализационных наблюдений двух пациенток с перинатальной и парентеральной ВИЧ-инфекцией. Поражение нервной системы носило коморбидный характер по данным магнитно-резонансной томографии и было представлено в одном случае сочетанием ВИЧиндуцированного поражения головного мозга с церебральным токсоплазмозом у пациентки с лимфомой Беркита, во втором – наличием болезни Бурневилла – Прингла (туберозного склероза) с формированием гигантоклеточной астроцитомы и множественных туберсов. Следует отметить, что оптимизация схемы антиретровирусной терапии в случае церебрального токсоплазмоза у ребенка с перинатальной ВИЧ-инфекцией позволила добиться клинико-лабораторной ремиссии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, the leading cause of social disadaptations and disability of patients at advanced stages of HIV infection, as well as adverse outcomes, is the presence of severe comorbid variants of the course of HIV infection: HIV and co-infection of chronic viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, HIV and malignant tumors, and HIV-associated neurological diseases. In pediatric practice, the combination of HIV-induced and perinatal CNS lesions is the most relevant. The differential diagnosis of these conditions is complicated due to the polymorphism of clinical manifestations and the possibility of combining several pathological conditions simultaneously in patients. Neuroimaging data does not always have clear criteria for determining the exact cause of cerebral damage. The article presents data of own clinical neuroimaging observations of two patients with perinatal and parenteral HIV infection. The nervous system damage was polyetiological in nature and was presented in one case by a combination of HIV-encephalitis, cerebral toxoplasmosis and CNS lymphoma, in the second by the presence of Bourneville-Pringle disease (tuberous sclerosis) with the formation of giant-cell astrocytoma and HIV-induced brain damage. It should be noted that the optimization of the antiretroviral therapy regimen in the case of a combination of B-cell lymphoma and cerebral toxoplasmosis in a child with perinatal HIV infection led to clinical and laboratory remission</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перинатальная и парентеральная ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>объемные образования головного мозга</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>неврологические нарушения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>perinatal and parenteral HIV infection</kwd><kwd>brain masses</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>neurological disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bougea A, Spantideas N, Galanis P, Gkekas G, Thomaides T. Optimal treatment of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: myths and reality. A critical review. 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