jofinЖурнал инфектологииJournal Infectology2072-6732IPO “АIDSSPbR"10.22625/2072-6732-2020-12-1-5-13jofin-1007Research ArticleОбзорыReviewИнфекционные агенты как фактор риска развития болезни АльцгеймераInfectious agents as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s diseaseВоробьевС. В.VorobyevS. V.

Воробьев Сергей Владимирович – профессор кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики, д.м.н.

Санкт-Петербург, тел.: 8(812)328-98-43

Saint-Petersburg

sergiognezdo@yandex.ruШалепоК. В.ShalepoK. V.

Шалепо Кира Валентиновна – доцент кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики, к.б.н.

Санкт-Петербург, тел.: 8(812)328-98-43

Saint-Petersburg

2474151@mail.ruСпасибоваЕ. В.SpasibovaE. V.

Спасибова Елена Владимировна – ассистент кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики, врач-бактериолог.

Санкт-Петербург, тел.: 8(812)328-98-43

Saint-Petersburg

elena.rybina@gmail.comСавичеваА. М.SavichevaA. M.

Савичева Алевтина Михайловна – заведующая кафедрой клинической лабораторной диагностики, заведующая лабораторией микробиологии, профессор.

Санкт-Петербург,  тел.: 8(812)323-75-44

Saint-Petersburg

savitcheva@mail.ruГригорьевА. Н.Grigor’evA. N.

Григорьев Алексей Николаевич – научный сотрудник лаборатории микробиологии. 

Санкт-Петербург, тел.: 8(812)323-75-44

Saint-Petersburg

galexey08081978@gmail.comСанкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университетРоссияSaint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет; Научно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии им. Д.О. ОттаРоссияSaint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. OttRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии им. Д.О. ОттаРоссияThe Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. OttRussian Federation202019032020121513Copyright © Воробьев С.В., Шалепо К.В., Спасибова Е.В., Савичева А.М., Григорьев А.Н., 20202020Воробьев С.В., Шалепо К.В., Спасибова Е.В., Савичева А.М., Григорьев А.Н.Vorobyev S.V., Shalepo K.V., Spasibova E.V., Savicheva A.M., Grigor’ev A.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.niidi.ru/jofin/article/view/1007

Когнитивные нарушения представляют одну из актуальных проблем современной клинической медицины. Это обусловлено как их высокой частотой встречаемости, так и значительным негативным воздействием, которое оказывает нарушение высших корковых функций на качество жизни больных вследствие ухудшения возможности их социальной коммуникации, а также снижения эффективности профессионально-бытовых функций. Основной причиной когнитивных нарушений является болезнь Альцгеймера. При этом, по данным с татистических исследований, прогнозируется существенное увеличение в человеческой популяции в целом заболеваемости лиц, страдающих этой патологией. В основе болезни Альцгеймера лежит комплекс патобиохимических изменений, приводящих к возникновению синаптической дисфункции, сопровождающейся развитием атрофических изменений определенных областей головного мозга, на фоне которой формируется специфическая клиническая картина. Наиболее ранним и главным проявлением болезни Альцгеймера являются нарушения памяти на текущие события, к которым в последующем присоединяются ряд других симптомов. В литературе описаны определенные факторы риска, способствующие развитию заболевания, среди которых определенное место занимает и инфекционная патология. Однако этот аспект в значительной степени остается за рамками традиционного изучения патогенеза болезни Альцгеймера. В обзоре проведен анализ результатов современных исследований, подтверждающих возможное участие инфекции в формировании деменции альцгеймеровского типа.

Cognitive disorders are one of the relevant problems of modern clinical medicine. This is due to both their high frequency of occurrence and significant negative impact, which has a violation of higher cortical functions on the quality of life of patients due to the deterioration of their social communication, as well as reducing the effectiveness of professional and household functions. The main cause of cognitive disorders is Alzheimer’s disease. At the same time, according to statistical studies, a significant increase in the incidence of the number of persons in the human population as a whole suffering from this pathology is predicted. At the heart of Alzheimer’s disease is a complex of pathobiochemical changes leading to synaptic dysfunction, accompanied by the development of atrophic changes in certain areas of the brain, against which a specific clinical picture is formed. The earliest and most important manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease is memory impairment for current events, which are subsequently joined by a number of other symptoms. The literature describes certain risk factors that contribute to the development of the disease, among which a certain place is occupied by infectious pathology. However, this aspect remains largely outside the traditional study of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. In the review the analysis of the results of modern studies confirm the possible involvement of infections in the development of dementia of Alzheimer’s type.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.